VOCABULARY

*abandon*, m., ease, unconstraint.

*abandonner*, to give up.

*abâtardissement*, m., degeneracy.

*abattement*, m., despondency.

*abattre*, to bring down.

*s'abîmer*, to sink.

*d'abord*, first, at first.

*aborder*, to accost, arrive at, board, come near.

*accabler*, to afflict, deject, overpower, overwhelm.

*accéléré*, accelerated. au pas —, in quick time.

*accompagner*, to accompany.

*accompli*, faultless.

*accord*, m., agreement. tomber d'——, to agree.

*accour-ait,-aient*, see *accourir.*

*accourcir*, to shorten.

*accourir*, to come running up, to run to.

*accueillir*, to receive, welcome.

*acheter*, to buy.

*achever*, to finish.

*acier*, m., steel.

*acquérir*, to acquire, attain.

*adieu*, farewell, good-bye. dire—, to bid adieu.

*admirer*, to wonder at.

*s'adosser à*, to lean one's back against.

*adresse*, f., skill, dexterity.

*adresser*, to direct, address.
     —— la parole à, to speak to.

*affaire*, f., affair, matter, business, battle.
     homme d'——s,agent, steward.

*affreux*, horrible.

*afin de*, in order to; afin que, in order that, so that.

*âgé*, aged. —— de cinquante ans, fifty years old.

*s'agenouiller*, to kneel down.

*agir*, to behave.

*s'agir de*, to be a question of, to be the matter.
     Il ne s'agissait plus que de, It was no longer
a question except of.
     S'agit-il de faire halte, If he wishes (they wish) to stop.

*s'agiter*, to be moving, to stir.

*aide*, m., assistant.

*aider*, to help.

*aigu*, piercing, shrill.

*ailleurs*, elsewhere.

*d'ailleurs*, besides, moreover, in other respects.

*aimable*, amiable.

*aimer*, to love, like.

*ainsi*, thus, so. et —— des autres, and so on with the rest, ainsi que, even as, in the same manner as.

*air*, m., air, look, appearance, manner, tune.

*aise*, f., ease, comfort; être à son——, to feel comfortable; à votre—,as you please.

*ajouter*, to add.

*ajuster*, to aim, to take aim (at).

*aller*, to go, to be going, to go and. Comment cela va-t-il?, How are you?

*s'en aller*, to go away, to depart, to betake one's self.

*allonger*, to lengthen.

*allons!* come now! now then! well!

*allumer*, to light.

*alors*, then, in that case.

*altier*, haughty, arrogant.

*amasser*, to accumulate.

*âme*, f., soul, conscience.

*amer*, bitter.

*amèrement*, bitterly.

*ameublement*, m., furniture.

*ami*, m., friend, un militaire de mes amis, one of my military friends.

*amitié*, f., friendship.

*amorce*, f., percussion-cap.

*amour*, m., love. —— propre, self-love, vanity.

*an*, m., year.

*ancien*, old, former, senior, ranking.

*ancre*, f., anchor. maîtresse ——,sheet anchor.

*angle*, m., corner.

*animal*, m., brute, fool, block-head.

*animé*, animated, gay.

*s'animer*, to become excited.

*année*, f., year.

*annonce*, f., announcement.

*annoncer*, to announce, tell, show. s' ——, to promise, augur.

*anse*,f., little bay, cove.

*apercevoir*, to perceive, discover. s'—— (de), to perceive, be aware of.

*aperçu; aperçu-s,-t,* see *apercevoir*.

*aplatir*, to strike flat.

*apparaissait*, see *apparaître*.

*apparaître*, to appear.

*appareiller*, to weigh anchor, get under sail.

*en apparence*, apparently.

*apparten-ait,-ant,* see *appartenir.*

*appartenir*, to belong.

*apparu,* see *apparaître.*

*appel*, m., roll-call, muster. faire l'——, to call the roll.

*appeler*, to call.

*appliquer*, to apply.

*apporter*, to bring.

*apprenait,* see *apprendre.*

*apprendre*, to learn, hear of, teach.

*apprenti*, m., apprentice, novice.

*apprêter*, to prepare.

*appri-s, -t,* see *apprendre*

*approcher*, to bring near. s' —— (de). to approach, draw near.

*approvisionner*, to supply.

*appuyer*, to lean, rest.
     s'——, to lean.

*après*, after, afterwards.
     d'——, according to.

*arbre*, m., tree.

*arbrisseau*, m., small tree, underwood, shrub.

*ardent*, hot, burning.

*argent*, m., silver, money.

*armateur*, m., shipowner.

*arme*, f., arm, weapon. l'—— haute, with guns raised, or ready.

*armer*, to cock (a gun).

*armoire*, f., closet, cupboard, bookcase.

*armurier*, m., gunsmith.

*arracher*, to force away from; to snatch from.
     s'——, to tear.

*arrêter*, to arrest, stop, resolve upon.
     s'——, to pause, stop.

*arrière*, n. m., stern.
     à l'——, aft;
     en ——, behind;
     gaillard d'—, quarter-deck.
adv., behind.
     —— de moi!, get out of my sight!

*arrivée*, f., arrival.

*arriver*, to arrive, be coming, happen, occur. arrive que pourra, happen what may.

*as* (pronounce the s), m., ace (at cards).

*assaut*, m., attack. donner l'—— à, to storm.

*s'asseoir*, to sit down.

*assez (de)*, sufficiently, pretty, rather, enough.

*assiette*, f., plate, state of mind. se trouver dans son —— ordinaire, to feel at home.

*assîmes; assi-s, -t,* see *asseoir.*

*assister*, to be present at.

*assoupir*, to hush, quiet. _s'——, to fall asleep.

*assurément*, surely, doubtless.

*atroce*, atrocious, cruel.

*attacher*, to bind, fasten, fix.

*atteindre*, to reach.

*atteinte*, f., reach.

*attendre*, to await, expect, wait for.

*attente*, f., waiting.

*attention*, f., attention, care. faire —— à, to pay attention to.

*attirer*, to attract, draw, s'——, to win, gain, become the butt of.

*attrister*, to make sad.

*aucun*, not any, no.

*augmenter*, to increase.

*aujourd'hui*, to-day.

*aumône*, f., alms. faire l'——, to give alms.

*auparavant*, before.

*auprès (de)*, near, close to, with. —— duquel, near whom.

*aussi*, adv., also, so, as. conj., therefore.

*aussitôt*, immediately, forth-with. —— que, as soon as.

*autant*, (de) as much. ils en firent autant, they did likewise.

*automne*, m., autumn.

*autour*, (de) about, around.

*autre*, other.
     sur nous ——s jeunes gens_, upon us young men
(with emphasis on us).
     et ainsi des ——s, and so on with the rest.

*autrefois*, formerly, in former times, long ago.

*avance*, f., advance, start, offer.
     à l'——, beforehand, in advance.

*avancer*, to advance, bring forward,hold out.
     s'——, to advance, move forward.

*avant*, n. m., bow (of a ship);
prep., before;
adv., forward.
     —— que de, conj., before,
     en ——, forward;
     bien en —— de nous, well forward;
     bien —— que, long before;
     le fusil en ——, his gun held in front of him.

*avant-poste*, m., outpost.

*avarie*, f., damage.

*avec*, with.
     —— le temps, in the course of time.

*aventure*, f., adventure.
     à l'——, at random.

*avertir*, to give notice to.

*aveu*, m., confession.

*avec avidité*, eagerly.

*avis*, m., judgment, advice.

*s'aviser*, to think of.

*avocat*, m., barrister, lawyer. —— général, attorney-general.

*avoir*, to have.
     n'—— que dix ans, to be only ten years old;
     —— besoin de, to want;
     —— le dessous, to have the worst of it;
     —— envie de, to wish;
     —— faim, to be hungry;
     n'—— garde de, to be far from, to know better than to;
     —— cinq pieds de haut,to be five feet tall;
     —— honte, to be ashamed;
     —— lieu, to have occasion, cause;
     —— des nouvelles de, to hear from;
     —— peur, to be afraid;
     —— soin, to take care, to see to it;
     —— en vénération, to hold in high esteem;
     il y a (avait, or eut), there is, are (was, were);
     il y a (bien) quatre ans, quelques années, it is (certainly) four,
some, years ago;
     il y avait si longtemps que (with ne before verb), it was
so long since.

*avouer*, to confess.

*azuré*, sky-colored.

*babine*, f., lip, chop.

*baiser*, m., kiss.

*baisser*, to lower, droop. —— la tête, to hang one's head; —— les yeux, to look down; les yeux baissés, with drooping eyes. se ——, to be lowered.

*balbutier*, to stammer.

*balle*, f., ball, bullet. —— morte, spent ball.

*ballotter*, to toss about, dangle.

*banc*, m., bench.

*bande*, f., belt, strip.

*bander*, to bind up.

*bandoulière*, f., shoulder-belt. porter en ——, to carry slung across the shoulder.

*baobab*, m., baobab, an African tree; also called the sourgourd tree, or (in South Africa) the cream-of-tartar tree.

*baraque*, f., hut, hovel.

*barbe*,f., beard.

*barbu*, bearded.

*barque*, f., bark, craft.

*barre*, f., bar, lever.

*barrique*, f., hogshead.

*bas, basse*, low, down. dire tout ——, to whisper.

*bataille*, f., battle. champ de ——, battle-field; nous nous mîmes en ——, we lined up in battle order.

*bâtiment*, m., ship, vessel.

*bâton*, m., stick.

*battre*, to beat.—la diane, to beat the reveille; ——des mains, to clap one's hands.

*se battre*, to fight, to meet (in a duel). —— corps à corps, to fight hand to hand.

*béant, -e*, wide open.

*beau, bel, -le*, beautiful, fine.

*beaucoup*, much, a great deal.

*bêche*, f., spade.

*bénéfice*, m., profit.

*berger*, m., shepherd.

*besoin*, m., need. avoir—de, to want; au ——, in case of need.

*bien*, m., estate, property.

*bien*, adv., well, properly, comfortably, on good terms, in favor, certainly, indeed, very, many, a great deal. —— avant que, long before. —— ! very well!

*bientôt*, soon, ere long.

*billet*, m., ticket.

*bizarre*, strange.

*blanc, blanche*, white.

*blessés*, m. pl., wounded people.

*blesser*, to wound.

*blessure*,f., wound.

*bleu*, blue.

*bleuâtre*, bluish.

*se blottir*, to crouch down.

*boire*, to drink.

*bois*, m., wood, timber.

*boîte*, f., box, case.

*bon*, good. —— nombre, a good many; il en coûtera ——, it will cost a good deal (of blood).

*bondir*, to bound, leap.

*bonheur*, m., good fortune, luck.

*bonjour*, m., good morning; dire ——, to wish good morning.

*bonnet*, m., cap. —— de police, foraging, or undress, cap.

*bord*, m., edge, border, board. à ——, on board (a ship); virer de ——, to tack about.

*bordage*, m., planking.

*border*, to border.

*bouche*, f., mouth.

*bouchon*, m., cork.

*bouffée*, f., puff.

*bougie*, f., candle.

*boulet*, m., bullet, ball.

*bouleverser*, to overthrow, to plow up.

*bourre*, f., gun-wad.

*boussole*, f., compass.

*bout*, m., end. au —— de, in, after, at the end of; venir à —— de, to succeed in.

*bouteille*, f., bottle.

*bouton*, m., button.

*brancard*, m., litter.

*bras*, m., arm.
     il lui restait sur les ——, there remained on his hands.

*brave*, good.
     mon ——, my brave friend, my hearty.

*bravoure*, f., bravery.

*brick*, m., brig.

*briller*, to glisten, glare.

*brique*, f., brick.

*briser*, to shatter. se ——, to be broken to pieces.

*broder*, to embroider.

*brosse*, f., brush, eraser.

*brosser*, to brush.

*se brouiller*, to be out, or fall out with any one.

*broyer*, to crush.

*bruit*, m., noise, crash, report.

*brûler*, to burn, scorch.

*brumeux*, foggy.

*brun*, brown, sunburnt.

*brusquement*, bluntly, abruptly, gruffly.

*bruyant*, noisy.

*bureau*, m., office.

*but, buvait, see boire.*

*çà*, here. —— et là, here and there.

*cabane*, f., cabin, cottage.

*cabestan*, m., capstan.

*cabinet*, m., study.

*caboteur*, m., coaster.

*se cabrer*, to rear (of horses).

*cacher*, to hide.

*cachet*, m., seal.

*cachot*, m., dungeon.

*cadeau*, m., present.

*cadran*, m., dial.

*caisse*, f., box, chest.

*caisson*, m., caisson, limber.

*calcul de tête*, m., mental calculation.

*calèche*, f., open carriage, barouche. —— de voyage, traveling barouche.

*caleçon*, m., drawers, trousers.

*calme*, m., calm, lull, unconcern.

*camarade*, m.f., comrade.

*cambuse*, f., store-room (of a ship).

*campagnard*, m., rustic.

*canon*, m., barrel (of a gun).

*canot*, m., canoe, small ship's boat.

*canton*, m., district, division.

*cantonnement*, m., cantonment, military quarters.

*caporal*, m., corporal.

*capote*, f., large cloak (with a hood), great-coat.

*capuchon*, m., hood.

*car*, for, because.

*carcan*, m., iron collar.

*caresser*, to caress.

*cargaison*, f., cargo.

*carré,-e*, square.

*carrière*, f., career.

*carte*, f., playing-card.

*carton*, m., pasteboard.

*cartouche*, f., cartridge.

*cas*, m., case, value. en —— de, in case of; faire peu de —— de, to make light of.

*case*, f., hut.

*casquette*, f., cap, military undress cap.

*casser*, to break,
     un vieillard tout cassé, a broken-down old man.

*cause*, f., cause, motive.
     à —— de, because of.

*causer*, v. a., to cause;
     v.n., to chat, talk.

*causerie*, f., chat.

*caustique*, biting, caustic.

*céder*, to cede, to give up, to let have.

*ceinture*, f., belt.

*cela*, that.

*celui-ci (-là), celle-ci (-là), ceux-ci (-là), celles-ci (-là)*, this (that), these (those), the latter (the former).

*cendre*, or *cendres*, f., ashes.

*cent*, hundred.

*cépée*, f., tuft of shoots from the same stump.

*cependant*, in the meantime, however, yet.

*cervelle*, f., brains.

*cesse*, f., ceasing. sans ——, ceaselessly.

*cesser*, to cease.

*chacun*, every one, each.

*chaîne*, f., chain.

*chair*, f., meat, flesh.

*chaleur*, f., heat.

*chaloupe*, f., ship's boat.

*chambre*, f., room, cabin. —— de poupe, poop-cabin.

*champ*, m., field, piece of ground. —— de bataille, field of battle; sur le ——, at once, immediately

*chanceler*, to totter.

*chandelier*, m., candlestick

*chandelle*, f., candle.

*se changer*, to be changed.

*chanson*, f., song.

*chant*, m., song.

*chanter*, to sing, chant.

*chapeau*, m., hat.

*chaque*, each, every.

*charge*, f., task, order.

*charger*, to load, lade, command. se ——, to take charge, to charge one's self.

*charmant*, charming, delightful.

*chasse*, f., chase.

*chat*, m., cat. chatte, she-cat.

*châtaigne*, f., chestnut.

*châtaignier*, m., chestnut-tree.

*château*, m., castle, mansion.

*chauffer*, to be heating. le four chauffe pour moi, my turn is coming.

*chausser*, to wear shoes, or other footwear.

*chef*, m., chief, commander. en ——, in chief; —— de file, front-rank man, the man in front.

*chemin*, m., road. par le —— le plus direct, by the shortest way.

*cheminée*, f., fireplace, mantel-shelf.

*cher*, dear.

*chercher*, to look for, to attempt, try, get. aller ——, to go and fetch, to go for; —— querelle à, to pick a quarrel with.

*chétif*, thin, puny.

*cheval*, m. (pl. *chevaux*), horse. sortir à ——, to go out riding.

*cheveux*, m. pl., hair.

*chèvre*, f., goat.

*chevreuil*, m., roe-deer.

*chevrotine*, f., fawn, buckshot.

*chez*, at, at the home of, with, among. —— moi (lui), at my (his) house. de —— moi, from my house.

*chirurgical*, surgical.

*chirurgien*, m., surgeon.

*choisir*, to choose.

*choix*, m., choice, option, selection.

*chose*, f., thing, matter, affair.

*chrétien*, Christian.

*ciel*, m., sky. vers le ——, skyward.

*cinq*, five.

*une cinquantaine*, f., some fifty.

*cinquante*, fifty.

*clairière*, f., clearing, glade (in a forest).

*clapoteux*, choppy.

*claquer*, to crack. en faisant ——, as he cracked.

*clef*, f. (pron. clé), key.

*clientèle*, f., patronage, dependents.

*clopiner*, to limp.

*clouer*, to nail.

*coeur*, m., heart. rire de bon ——, to have a good laugh.

*coffre*, m., chest, trunk.

*coiffé de*, wearing (on one's head).

*coin*, m., corner.

*col*, m., neck.

*colère*, f., anger.

*collet*, m., collar (of a coat).

*colonne*, f., column.

*combien*, how much. —— de temps, how long.

*comme*, adv., as, as if, how, like. il se fit —— un rempart, he made for himself a sort of bulwark. conj., as, seeing that, since.

*comment*, how.

*commerce*, m., trade. faire le —— de, to trade in.

*commodément*, comfortably.

*compagnie*, f., society, company.

*compétence*, f., competency. quelque chose de ma ——, something I could do.

*complice*, m. f., accomplice.

*complot*, m., plot.

*composer*, to make up. se ——, to consist.

*comprendre*, to understand.

*compri-s, -t*, see *comprendre*.

*compte*, m., account, score.

*compter*, to count, reckon. —— sur, to count upon, to expect; à pas comptés, step by step.

*comte*, m. (*comtesse*, f.), count (countess).

*conclure*, to conclude.

*conclut*, see *conclure*.

*concurremment*, in concurrence.

*conduire*, to conduct, show, lead.

*conduis-ait,-it*, see *conduire*.

*conduite*, f., conduct.

*cône*, m., cone.

*confiance*,f., assurance.

*confier*, to confide.

*confisquer*, to confiscate. [mix.

*confondre*, to confound, confuse.

*congédier*, to discharge.

*conjuration*, f., exorcism, spell, magic.

*conjuré*, m., conspirator.

*connaiss-ais,-ait*, see *connaître.*

*connaissance*, f., acquaintance. être sans ——, to be unconscious.

*connaiss-ent,-ez*, see *connaître.*

*connaître*, to know, understand, be or become acquainted with.

*connu*, see *connaître.*

*conscience*, f., conscience, scruple. se faire——de, to shrink from, to have scruples about.

*conscrit*, m., conscript.

*conserver*, to preserve, keep.

*considérer*, to look at, gaze upon.

*construction*,f., building.

*se consumer*, to decay.

*contenais*, see *contenir.*

*contenance*, f., attitude, air, countenance.

*contenant*, see *contenir.*

*contenir*, to contain, hold. se ——, to keep one's temper.

*content*, glad, satisfied, pleased.

*se contenter de*, to be satisfied with.

*conter*, to tell, relate.

*contins*, see *contenir.*

*contraindre*, to compel, constrain.

*contraint*, see *contraindre.*

*contraire*, opposing.
     au ——, on the contrary.

*contre*, against, contrary to.
     par ——, on the other hand.

*contre-coup*, m., rebound.

*contre maître*, m., boatswain's mate.

*convaincre*, to convince.

*convenable*, proper.

*convenait, see convenir.*

*convenir*, to agree (with), admit, suit, be convenient.

*convenu; conviendr-ait,-ez; convint*, see *convenir.*

*convoitise*,f., covetousness.

*coquin*, m., rascal.

*corps*, m., body, company. se battre —— à ——, to fight hand to hand.

*corsaire*, m., privateer.

*corse*, corsican.

*côte*, f., shore, sea-coast.

*côté*, m., side, way, part. à ——de, by, near, by the side of; du —— de, in the direction of; d'un autre ——, on the other hand.

*cotonnade*, f., cotton cloth.

*cou*, m, neck.

*couché*, lying down.

*coucher*, to lay (on), to sleep. —— en joue, to aim at. se ——, to go to bed, lie down, set (of the sun).

*coude*, m., elbow.

*couler*, to flow, sink.

*couleur*,f., color.

*coup*, m., blow, thrust, shot.
     —— de feu, de fusil, gun-shot;
     —— de pistolet, pistol-shot;
     —— de stylet, dagger-thrust;
     tout à ——,
     tout d'un ——, all of a sudden, all at once, suddenly;
     pour le ——, for once;
     de ——s redoublés, again and again;
     fusil à deux ——s, double barreled gun;
     jeter un —— d'oeil sur, to cast a glance at.

*couper*, to cut.

*cour*, f., court, courtyard.

*cour-ais,-ent*, see *courir*.

*courber*, to bend.

*courir*, to run.

*courras*, see *courir*.

*course*, f., race, running, run, course. au pas de ——, in quick step. échapper à la ——, to escape by running.

*coursier*, m., steed.

*court*, short, brief.

*courtier*, m., broker, agent.

*courut*, see *courir.*

*coûter*, to cost.
     il en coûtera bon ——, it will cost a good deal (of blood).

*coutume*, f., custom, practice.
     comme de ——, as usual, as we always did.

*couvert*, m., shelter, cover,
     à ——, under cover, sheltered.

*couvert* part., covered, clad.

*couverture*,f., blanket.

*couvr-aient,-ant,-e*, see *couvrir.*

*couvrir*, to cover.

*cracher*, to spit.

*craie*, f., chalk.

*craign-ais,-is*, see *craindre.*

*craindre*, to fear, be afraid.

*craint*, see *craindre.*

*crainte*, f., fear.

*craintif*, timorous.

*créance*, f., credence.

*crépu*, frizzled, curly.

*creuser*, to dig.

*creux*, m., hollow.

*cri*, m., cry, scream. pousser un ——, to cry out; à grands ——s, loudly.

*cribler*, to riddle.

*crier*, to cry out, clamor.

*critiquer*, to criticise.

*croire*, to believe, think, deem. se ——, to consider one's self.

*croiser*, to cross.

*croiseur*, m., cruiser.

*croisière*, f., cruising vessels, or system.

*croissant*, growing.

*croi-s, -t*, see *croire.*

*croix*, f., cross.

*crosse*, f., butt-end.

*croy-ait, -ez; cru; cru-s, -t; crût*, see *croire.*

*cuir*, m., leather.

*cuirasse*, f., cuirass, breastplate.

*cuisse*, f., thigh.

*cuivre*, m., copper, brass.

*culbuter*, to throw down, to overthrow.

*curé*, m., parson.

*cuver*, to sleep off the effects of wine, pour —— son eau de vie, to sleep himself sober.

*cymbalier*, m., cymbal-player.

*daim*, m., deer.

*dais*, m., canopy.

*dame*, f., lady.

*dans*, in, at, through.

*danse*, f., dance.

*davantage*, more, longer.

*de*, at, any, by, for, from, of, out of, some, with.

*débarrasser*, to clear. se —— de, to rid one's self of.

*débat*, m., dispute.

*déboucher*, to open, uncork.

*debout*, upright, standing.

*debris*, m., wreckage.

*début*, m., first appearance, beginning.

*deçà* here, on this side. qui ——, qui delà, in all directions at once.

*décacheter*, to unseal, open.

*décharger*, to empty, discharge.

*décharner*, to emaciate.

*déchiqueter*, to mangle.

*décliner*, to state (one's name).

*découragement*, m., despondency.

*se décourager*, to be discouraged.

*découvrir*, to discover.

*dedans*, in.

*se dédire de*, to break one's word, to retract.

*défaillant*, powerless.

*se défaire (de)*, to get rid of.

*défaisait*, see *défaire*.

*défaut*, m., fault.

*défendre*, to defend, forbid, prohibit.
     *se* ——, to resist, to jib, (of horses).

*dégagé*, easy, free.
     air ——, free, easy manner.

*dégoûtant*, disheartening, disgusting.

*degré*, m., degree, par ——s, gradually.

*déjà*, already.

*déjeuner*, to breakfast.

*delà (au —— de)*, beyond, on the other side of.

*se délivrer*, to free one's self, get rid.

*demander*, to ask (for).

*démâter*, to dismast.

*démêlé*, m., contention, strife.

*démesurément*, excessively (wide).

*demeurer*, to live, reside, remain.

*demi*, half. une —— heure, half an hour; —— -jour, twilight.

*démission*, f., resignation. donner sa ——, to hand in one's resignation.

*demoiselle*, f., young lady.

*dent*, f., tooth.

*départ*, m., departure.

*se dépêcher*, to make haste.

*dépens*, m., expense. au —— de, at the expense of.

*dépense*, f., expense. tout en faisant grande ——, for all that, although, he spent a great deal.

*déplaire (à)*, to incur the displeasure of any one.

*depuis*, since, afterward. —— longtemps, this long while; —— peu, lately.

*déraisonnable*, unreasonable.

*déranger*, to disturb, put to inconvenience.

*dernier*, last, highest, greatest.

*déroute*, f., defeat.

*derrière*, behind.

*dès*, from, since.

*désarmer*, to uncock (a gun).

*descendre*, to descend, go down, come, land.

*désert*, deserted.

*désespéré*, desperate.—s, people in despair.

*désespoir*, m., despair. mettre au ——, to drive to despair, vex extremely.

*déshabituer*, to disaccustom, render unaccustomed.

*désoler*, to grieve.

*dessein*, m., plan, purpose.

*dessous*, m., under side. avoir le ——, to have the worst of it.

*dessus*, over, upon. au —— de, above; par —— (de), over; là ——, thereupon, with these words.

*destinée*, f., career.

*se détacher*, to become loosened. la redoute se détacha en noir sur, the fort stood out black against.

*détente*, f., trigger. presser la ——, to pull the trigger.

*détour*, m., turning.

*détourner*, to turn aside, or away.

*détruire*, to destroy, ruin.

*détruit*, see *détruire.*.

*deux*, two. tout (toutes) les ——, both.

*devai-ent, -s, -t*, see *devoir.*

*devant*, before, in front of.
     tout droit —— lui, straight ahead (of him).

*devenir*, to become (of), turn.
     je ne savait plus que ——, I knew no longer what to turn to.

*devez*, see *devoir.*

*deviendrait, deviennent*, see *devenir.*

*deviner*, to divine, guess.

*devin-rent, -t*, see *devenir.*

*devoir*, m., task. se mettre en —— de, to set about (doing anything).

*devoir*, must, ought, owe. les autres devaient donner l'assaut, the others were to storm (the fort).

*diable*, m., devil, deuce. pauvre ——, poor fellow. le —— m'emporte!, deuce take me! ils se donnaient au ——, they despaired.

*diablement*, very, extremely.

*diane*, f., réveille, the beating of the drum at daybreak.

*Dieu*, m., God. mon ——, oui, dear me, yes.

*difficile*, difficult, mettlesome, sensitive.

*dimanche*, m., Sunday.

*dîmes*, see *dire*.

*diminuer*, to diminish, abate.

*diminution*, f., reduction.

*dire*, to say, tell, think, order.
     —— adieu, to bid good-bye;
     —— à l'oreille, to whisper (in the ear);
     —— tout bas, to say in a low voice, to whisper;
     c'est-à- ——, that is to say;
     il voulait ——, he meant;
     tout fut dit, that was the end of it;
     c'est ce qu'il avait entendu —— à sa mère, that is what
he had heard his mother say;
     on le disait aussi bon ami que dangereux ennemi, people
thought him as good a friend as he was a dangerous enemy.

*dirent*, see *dire*.

*diriger*, to direct, guide. se ——, to go towards, make for.

*dis, dis-ait, -ant, -e, -ions*, see *dire.*

*disparaissait*, see *disparaître.*

*disparaître*, to disappear.

*disparut*, see *disparaître.*

*disposer*, to place. se ——, to prepare, get ready.

*se disputer*, to contend for.

*distraction*, f., absent-mindedness, diversion.

*distrait*, absent-minded.

*dit, dites*, see *dire.*

*se diviser*, to be divided.

*dix*, ten.

*une dizaine*, f., about ten.

*doigt*, m., finger.

*donc*, accordingly, so, then, therefore.

*donner*, to give, ascribe.
     —— l'assaut, to storm (a fort);
     —— le fouet à, to whip;
     —— sa démission, to hand in one's resignation;
     on pouvait lui —— environ trente cinq ans, one might
judge him to be about thirty-five;
     se —— la peine de, to take the trouble to, to be so kind
as to.

*dont*, whose, of whom; of, or with which.

*dorm-ais, -ait*, see *dormir.*

*dormir*, to sleep, be asleep.

*dort*, see *dormir.*

*dos*, m., back.

*douanier*, m., custom-house officer.

*doubler*, to double. ils doublèrent d'efforts, they did their utmost; il doubla ma balle, he duplicated my shot, he hit in the same place.

*doucement*, gently, quietly, slowly.

*douer*, to endow.

*douleur*, f., grief, woe.

*doute*, m., *douter,douteux*, doubt, to doubt, doubtful.

*douzaine*, f., dozen.

*douze*, twelve.

*droit*, n.m., right; adj., straight, right.
     tout —— devant lui, straight ahead.

*droite*, f., right hand.
     à notre ——, at our right.

*drôle*, n.m., rogue, rascal;
     adj., strange, funny.

*dû à*, owing to; see *devoir*.

*dur*, hard.

*durer*, to last, continue.

*eau*, f., water. —— -de-vie, brandy.

*ébahi*, wondering, aghast.

*s'ébattre*, to take one's pleasure, or ease.

*ébène*, f., ebony.

*éblouir*, to dazzle.

*ébranler*, to shake, disturb.

*échanger*, to exchange.

*échapper*, to escape, fall, fly. s'——, to escape.

*échauffer*, to heat, to excite.

*éclairer*, to light up.

*éclat*, m., splinter.

*éclatant*, brilliant.

*éclater*, to burst. —— de rire, to burst out laughing.

*écouter*, to listen (to).

*écoutille*, f., hatchway.

*s'écrier*, to exclaim.

*écrire*, to write.

*écriv-ait, -is*, see *écrire.*

*écu*, m., crown, an obsolete French coin.

*effacer*, to rub out.

*effectuer*, to bring about.

*effet*, m., effect, impression. en ——, indeed.

*s'efforcer*, to exert one's self, make an effort, strive, struggle.

*effrayant*, frightful.

*effrayer*, to frighten.

*effroi*, m., terror, consternation.

*effroyable*, frightful to behold, horrible.

*égard*, m., regard, consideration. à cet ——, about it, in regard to it.

*égorger*, to kill.

*eh! ah!* —— bien!, well!

*s'élancer*, to rush, dash.
     s'élance à mon cou, rushes forward to embrace me.

*élever*, to raise, erect.
     s'——, to arise, rise, ascend, go up.

*éloigné*, away, distant.

*éloigner*, to dismiss. s'——, to go, or move away, withdraw.

*emballer*, to pack up.

*embarcation*, f., small boat.

*embarrasser*, to clog, puzzle.

*embouchure*, f., mouth (of a river).

*embrasser*, to embrace, kiss. s'——, to embrace one another.

*embrasure*, f., embrasure, an opening in a wall or parapet of a fortress, through which guns are pointed and fired.

*émérite*, confirmed, experienced, old, retired.

*emmener*, to carry off, take away.

*s'emparer* (de), to seize, take in charge.

*empêcher*, to hinder, prevent. s'——, to refrain from.

*emphase*, f., pomposity, emphasis.

*emplir*, to fill.

*emploi*, m., business, use.

*empoigner*, to seize, take into custody.

*emporter*, to carry or sweep away. l'—— (sur), to prevail, get the better of.

*s'empresser*, to bestir one's self, hasten.

*en*, prep. (Lat. in), in, into, within, like, as a.

*en*, pron. (Lat. inde) (of, from, by, for, with, about) him, her, it, some, any.

*enchaîner*, to chain.

*enchanté*, overjoyed.

*encore*, yet, still, again, once more, further, besides. —— une fois, once more.

*s'endiabler*, to grow angry.

*endormi*, asleep.

*endroit*, m., place.

*enfant*, m. f., child.
     bon ——, good fellow.
     cet éternel —— gâté de la fortune, that everlasting
spoiled child of fortune.

*enfin*, after all, at last, in short, finally.

*enfler*, to swell.

*enfoncer*, to drive in.

*engloutir*, to swallow up. s'——, to be swallowed up.

*énigme*, f., enigma, riddle.

*s'enivrer*, to get intoxicated.

*enlèvement*, m., taking, capture.

*enlever*, to carry off, take away, take.

*énorme*, enormous.

*énormément*, enormously.

*ensuite*, then, afterwards.

*enragé*, boisterous, turbulent.

*enrager*, to grow angry.

*enroué*, hoarse.

*ensuite*, afterwards, then.

*entendre*, to hear.
     à ——, judging from;
     ce que j'avais entendu dire, what I had heard;
     c'est ce qu'il avait entendu dire à sa mère, that is what
         he had heard his mother say.
     bien entendu, of course.

*enterrer*, to bury.

*entiché*, infatuated.

*entier*, entire.

*entièrement*, wholly.

*entonner*, to begin (singing).

*entourer*, to surround.

*entre*, among, between, in. deux d'—— nous, two of us; liés —— eux, bound together.

*entrepont*, m., between decks.

*entrer*, to enter, come in, go in.

*entretenir*, to entertain.

*entretenant*, see *entretenir.*

*entrevue*, f., meeting.

*s'envelopper*, to wrap one's self up.

*enverrai*, see *envoyer.*

*envie*, f., wish. avoir —— de, to have a mind to, wish.

*environ*, about.

*environner*, to surround.

*envoie*, see *envoyer.*

*envoyer*, to send.

*épais*, thick, heavy.

*s'épargner*, to spare one's self.

*épaule*, f., shoulder, hausser les ——s, to shrug one's shoulders.

*épaulement*, m., breastwork.

*épaulette*, f., shoulder-strap, epaulet.

*épée*, f., sword.

*éperon*, m., spur.

*épi*, m., ear (of grain).

*époque*, f., epoch. faire ——, to be an event.

*épouvantable*, frightful.

*épouvanter*, to terrify.

*éprouver*, to feel, experience.

*épuisé*, exhausted.

*équipage*, m., crew.

*ermite*, m., hermit.

*errer*, to stray.

*erreur*, f., mistake.

*escadron*, m. squadron.

*esclavage*, m., slavery.

*esclave*, m., slave.

*escopette*, f., carbine.

*espace*, m., space.

*espèce*, f., species, kind, sort.

*espérance*, f., hope.

*espérer*, to hope, expect.

*espoir*, m., hope.

*esprit*, m., mind, sense, spirit, wit.
     —— fort, sceptic.

*essai*, m., trial.
     faire l'—— de, to sample, make a trial of.

*essayer*, to try.

*essuyer*, to wipe, wipe out.

*et*, and.
     ——…——, both… and.

*établir*, to set.
     s'——, to take up a position, settle down.

*établissement*, m., establishment, moving in.

*état*, m., condition. en ——, fit.

*été*, m., summer.

*éteignait*, see *éteindre.*

*éteindre*, to extinguish.

*éteint*, inaudible; see *éteindre.*

*étendre*, to spread, stretch out, lie dead.

*étendu*, extended.

*étendue*, f., extent, expanse.

*éternel*, everlasting.

*étinceler*, to flash, sparkle.

*étonné*, astonished.

*étonnement*, m., astonishment.

*étouffer*, to choke.

*étrange*, strange, odd, queer.

*étrangement*, strangely.

*étranger*, n.m., foreigner; adj., foreign.

*être*, to be.
     c'est à moi de tirer, it is my turn to shoot;
     c'était à moi de tirer le premier, I had the right to shoot first;
     ce fut à lui de tirer le premier, as luck would have it, he
        could shoot first;
     n'était plus au jeu, was no longer interested in the game;
     en —— à, to come to, to have to;
     lorsqu'on en fut à se partager les casquettes, when the time
came for distributing our caps among us.

*étreignant*, see *étreindre.*

*étreindre*, to clasp.

*étroit*, narrow.

*étudier*, to study.

*eux*, they, them.

*s'évanouir*, to faint away.

*éveillé*, lively. bien ——, wide awake.

*éveiller*, to rouse.

*événement*, m., event, occurrence.

*évidemment*, evidently, obviously.

*éviter*, to avoid, evade.

*exemple*, m., example.
     par ——!, indeed! bless me!

*exercice*, m., drill.
     faire l'——, to drill.

*exiger*, to demand.

*expérience*, f., experiment.

*explication*, f., explanation.

*s'expliquer*, to explain one's self.

*fabrique*, f., make, manufacture.

*fabriquer*, to manufacture.

*face*, f., front. en —— de, in front of, in the presence of; en ——, opposite; l'un en —— de l'autre, opposite each other.

*facile*, easy.

*facilement*, easily, readily.

*façon*, f., way, manner. en aucune ——, in no wise, (not) in any way.

*fagot*, m., fagot, hundle.

*faible*, weak, feeble, dwindling.

*faiblesse*, f., weakness.

*faim*, f., hunger. avoir ——, to he hungry.

*faire*, to make, do, accomplish, act, personate, cause, have
(causal).
     —— l'appel, to call the roll;
     —— attention, pay attention;
     en —— autant, do like wise;
     —— peu de cas de, to make light of;
     —— le commerce de bois, to trade in wood;
     —— dépense, to spend;
     —— époque, to be an event;
     je fis l'esprit fort, I acted the sceptic;
     —— l'essai de, to sample;
     —— l'exercice, to drill;
     —— feu, to fire;
     —— figure, cut a figure, be prominent;
     —— grâce à, to pardon;
     —— la grimace, to make a face;
     —— halte, to stop;
     tu fais le malin, you are acting the shrewd fellow;
     —— mouche, to hit the bull's eye;
     —— une question, to ask a question;
     —— un saut, to jump;
     —— signe, beckon;
     —— signe que, to give to understand that;
     il commençait à —— sombre, it began to grow dark;
     —— tête à, resist;
     pour —— tomber la cendre de sa pipe, to knock the ashes
        from his pipe;
     —— tort à, to harm, prejudice;
     —— la traite, carry on the slave trade;
     il n'avait fait qu'user de, all he had done was to make use of;
     —— venir, to send for;
     se —— à, to accustom one's self to;
     se —— conscience de, to shrink from, to have scruples about;
     Ledoux se fit descendre au rivage, Ledoux had himself
        rowed ashore.

*fais; fais-aient, -ait, -ant, -ons*, see *faire.*

*faisceau*, m., bundle, pile,
     mettre les armes en ——x, to stack arms.

*fait*, m., fact.
     tout à ——, completely, quite.

*fait, faites*, see *faire.*

*fallait, fallut*, see *falloir.*

*falloir*, must, should, ought, to be necessary, be obliged. il faut savoir, you must know; quand il vous faudra, when you have to.

*famé*, famed. bien ——, of good repute.

*fameu-x, -se*, famous, fine, (ironically) precious.

*farceur*, m., joker.

*fardeau*, m., burden.

*fasse*, see *faire.*

*fatigue*, f., fatigue, hardship.

*fatiguer*, to weary.

*faudra, faut*, see *falloir.*

*fauteuil*, m., arm-chair.

*fau-x, -sse*, false, unsound, wrong.

*féliciter*, to congratulate.

*femelle*, f., female.

*femme*, f., woman, wife. prendre ——, to marry.

*fenêtre*, f., window.

*féodal*, feudal.

*fer*, m., iron. ——s, chains, fetters.

*fer-a, -ai, -iez*, see *faire.*

*ferme*, f., farm-house.

*fermer*, to shut, close.

*fermeté*, f., firmness, strength of will.

*fétiche*, m., fetish, any material object, such as an animal or inanimate thing, regarded as representative of godship, to which worship is paid and from which supernatural aid is expected.

*feu*, m., fire, passion. coup de ——, shot; faire ——, to fire.

*fier*, proud.

*fièrement*, proudly, stoutly.

*fierté*, f., pride. avec ——, haughtily.

*fièvre*, f., fever.

*figure*, f., appearance, face. faire ——, to cut a figure, be prominent.

*se figurer*, to imagine, fancy.

*file*, f., file. chef de ——, front-rank man, man in front.

*filet*, m., network.

*fils*, m., son.

*fîmes*, see *faire*.

*fin*, n. f., end. à la ——, at last; à la —— du panier, when the basket was empty. adj., fine.

*finesse*, f., ingenuity, finesse, craftiness.

*finir*, to finish, be over.

*firent, fis, fit*, see *faire*.

*fixement*, fixedly.

*fixer*, to fasten. —— un jour, to appoint a day; —— ses yeux sur quelqu'un, to look, or stare at any one.

*fléau*, m., scourge.

*flot*, m., wave. mettre à ——, to set afloat.

*flotter*, to float about.

*foi*, f., faith. de bonne ——, in earnest.

*foin*, m., hay.

*fois*, f., time (repetition). une ——, once; deux ——, twice; encore une ——, once more; toutes les —— que, as often as.

*fondre*, to melt. —— en larmes, to burst into tears.

*font*, see *faire*.

*force*, f., strength. à —— de, by dint of, through; avec ——, violently; avec plus de ——, with greater violence; —— lui fut de, he was obliged to.

*forcer*, to force, compel.

*forêt*, f., forest.

*fort*, adj., strong, considerable, lusty. n. m., fort, stronghold. adv., very, very much.

*fortement*, strongly, vigorously.

*fou, fol, -le*, insane.

*fou*, m., fool.

*foudroyant*, terrible, withering.

*fouet*, m., whip. faire claquer un ——, to crack a whip; donner le —— à, to whip.

*fouiller*, search, rummage. —— dans, to examine.

*foule*, f., crowd, mob.

*four*, m., oven. le —— chauffe pour moi, my turn is coming.

*fourbe*, f., imposture.

*fourbir*, to polish up.

*fourche*, f., fork, forked stick.

*fourré*, woody. taillis ——, thicket.

*fracas*, m., crash.

*fracasser*, to shatter.

*frais*, cool, fresh.

*frapper*, to strike, slap, hit, make an impression.

*frayeur*, f., terror.

*frégate*, f., frigate.

*fripon*, m., rascal, rogue.

*frissonner*, to shudder.

*froidement*, coldly, dispassionately.

*fromage*, m., cheese.

*front*, m., forehead, brow, face, head.

*fuir*, to flee.

*fumée*, f., smoke.

*fumer*, to smoke, manure.

*fureur*, f., fury, rage. de ——, in a fury.

*fusil* (pronounce: fusi), m., rifle, gun

*fuyaient*, see *fuir*.

*gagner*, to gain, win, reach.

*gai*, gay, merry.

*gaiement*, merrily.

*gaieté*, f., gayety.

*gaillard*, m., fellow, (nav.) castle. —— d'arrière, quarter-deck; —— d'avant, forecastle.

*galon*, m., petty officer's stripe, band, galloon, chevron.

*garde*, f., guard. matelot, or homme de ——, sailor, or man, on guard; n'avoir —— de, to be far from, to know better than to.

*garder*, to keep, guard. se ——, to abstain.

*garnement*, m., good-for-nothing fellow.

*garnir*, to furnish, provide.

*garrotter*, to bind, pinion.

*gâté*, spoiled.

*gauche*, adj., left. n. f., left hand. à notre ——, at our left.

*gazette*, f., newspaper.

*gémissement*, m., groan, wail.

*gendre*, m., son-in-law.

*gêner*, to incommode, be in the way.

*généreux*, courageous, noble.

*genou*, m., knee. à ——x, on her (their) knees.

*gens*, m., people, persons, men, hands, domestics, servants.

*geste*, m., gesture.

*giberne*, f., cartridge-box.

*glace*, f., looking-glass.

*gland*, m., tassel.

*glisser*, glide.

*gloire*, f., glory.

*gommier*, m., gum-tree.

*gorge*, f., throat, narrow pass, entrance into a fortress, gorge.

*se gorger*, to gorge one's self.

*gourde*, f., flask.

*gouvernail*, m., helm.

*grâce*, f., pardon, mercy, gracefulness, elegance. faire —— à, to pardon; de la meilleure ——, most cordially.

*grade*, m., rank.

*grand*, tall, big, grown up. à ——s cris, loudly.

*grandir*, to grow tall.

*gras*, corpulent.

*gratification*, f., bonus.

*gravement*, gravely, deeply.

*gravir*, to clamber up, climb.

*gré*, m., pleasure.

*Grèce*, f., Greece.

*gréer*, to rig.

*grenier*, m., garret.

*grièvement*, gravely.

*griffe*, f., claw.

*griller*, to scorch.

*grimace*, f., grimace.
     faire la ——, to make a face, grin.

*grippe*, f., dislike, whim.
     prendre en ——, to take a dislike to.

*gris*, gray, gloomy, angry.
     vous allez en voir de grises, you will see some terrible sights.

*gros, -se*, large, big, bulky, rough, stormy.

*grossi-er, -ère*, coarse, rude, uncivilized.

*grossièreté*, f., rude thing, offensive expression.

*ne… guère*, hardly. ne consistait —— qu'en, consisted of but little more than.

*guerre*, f., war, strife.

*guerrier*, m., warrior.

*guigne*, f., (white-heart) cherry.

*guillotiner*, to guillotine, behead.

*guise*, f., fancy, humor. à sa ——, as he liked.

*habileté*, f., ability.

*habit*, m., coat.

*habitacle*, m., binnacle, the framework which holds the compass.

*habitant*, m., inhabitant, denizen.

*habiter*, to live in, reside in, inhabit.

*habitude*, f., habit. avoir l'—— de, to be accustomed to.

*s'habituer*, to accustom one's self.

*hache*, f., axe, hatchet.

*haillon*, m., rag.

*haine*, f., hatred.

*haïr*, to hate.

*hardi*, bold.

*hardiesse*, f., boldness, daring.

*hasard*, m., chance. au ——, at random; par ——, by chance, perhaps; le —— fit que, it happened that.

*hasardeux*, hazardous.

*hâte*, f., hurry. à la ——, in haste.

*se hâter*, to make haste.

*hausser*, to raise. —— les épaules, to shrug one's shoulders.

*haut*, adj., high.
     l'arme ——e, with guns raised, or ready.
     n. m., height.
     n'eussent que trois pieds quatre pouces de ——, were only three
         feet four inches in height.

*hauteur*, f., height.

*herbe*, f., grass.

*héritier*, m., heir.

*hétairiste*, m., hetaerist, member of the Greek political society Hetaeria, founded in 1814, whose object was to free Greece from the Turkish yoke.

*heure*, f., hour, time. quelle —— est-il?, what time is it? de bonne ——, betimes, early; tout à l'——, just now.

*heureux*, happy, lucky, fortunate, successful, favorable.

*heurter*, to strike against.

*hier*, yesterday. qui est arrivé d'——, who came only yesterday.

*histoire*, f., quarrel, thing, history, story.

*hiver*, m., winter.

*hommages*, m. pl., respects.
     présenter ses ——, to pay one's respects.

*homme*, m., man.
     —— d'affaires, agent, steward.

*honneur*, m., honor.

*honte*, f., shame. avoir ——, to be ashamed.

*honteux*, ashamed, shy.

*hoquet*, m., hiccup.

*hors*, out. sa blessure le mettait —— d'état de, his wound made it impossible for him to.

*hôte*, m., host.

*humain*, human, humane.

*humer*, to inhale.

*humeur*, f., humor, mood. être d'—— de mourir, to be disposed to die.

*hurler*, to howl.

*hussard*, m., hussar.

*ici*, here.

*ignorer*, to be ignorant of, not to know.

*île*, f., island.

*imaginer*, to conceive the idea. s'——, to think.

*immédiatement*, immediately.

*immobile*, motionless.

*impitoyablement*, mercilessly.

*importer*, to matter, signify. n'importe, no matter.

*imprévu*, unforeseen.

*imprimer*, to give (motion).

*inattendu*, unexpected.

*s'incliner*, to plunge, incline.

*incommode*, uncomfortable.

*inconnu*, unknown.

*incroyable*, incredible.

*indicible*, unspeakable.

*indigne*, unworthy.

*indigné*, indignant.

*indiquer*, to indicate, point out, appoint.

*inégal*, unequal.

*infirme*, frail.

*injure*, f., insult, abusive language.

*inonder*, to overrun,

*inouï*, unheard of.

*inqui-et, -éte*, anxious.

*inquiétude*, f., anxiety.

*insensé*, adj., insane; n. m., fool.

*insensible*, indifferent.

*insensiblement*, by degrees.

*insolent*, impudent.

*insouciance*, f., carelessness, thoughtlessness.

*insouciant*, heedless.

*s'installer*, to install one's self, take up one's abode.

*s'insurger*, to revolt.

*s'intéresser*, to take an interest in.

*intérieurement*, inwardly.

*interprète*, m., interpreter.

*s'interrompre*, to break off, interrupt one's self.

*intime*, intimate.

*intriguer*, to puzzle, perplex.

*inutile*, useless, unavailing.

*invoquer*, to call upon.

*ir-aient, -ait, -as*, see *aller*.

*ivoire*, m., ivory.

*ivre*, intoxicated.

*ivresse*, f., drunkenness.

*ivrogne*, m., drunkard, toper.

*jaillir*, to spurt out.

*jais*, m., jet.

*jamais*, never.

*jambe*, f., leg.

*jatte*, f., bowl.

*jaune*, yellow.

*jeter*, to throw, cast, fling. —— un coup d'oeil, to cast a glance; se ——, to throw one's self, fall upon, attack.

*jeu*, m., game, trick.

*jeune*, young.

*jeunesse*, f., youth, young people.

*joie*, f., joy, glee.

*joign-irent,-it*, see *joindre*.

*joindre*, to meet, overtake, come up to. se ——, to meet.

*joli*, pretty, pleasing, fine.

*joue*, f., check. coucher, mettre en ——, to aim at, take aim.

*jouer*, to play, move. en faisant —— les ressorts, as he made the springs fly back; —— du violon, to play the violin.

*jouir (de)*, to enjoy.

*jour*, m., day, daytime, daylight. demi- ——, twilight; tous les ——s, every day.

*journée*, f., day.

*juger*, to judge. on juge facilement, it is easy to see.

*juif*, Jewish.

*juin*, m., June.

*jurement*, m., oath.

*jurer*, to swear.

*jusque*, jusqu'à, to even, as far as, until. jusqu'à ce que, until.

*juste*, exactly, precisely.

*là*, there. —— -dessus, thereupon.

*laboureur*, m., farmer, plough-man.

*lâcher*, to let go.

*laisser*, to leave, let, allow, suffer. —— là, to leave alone. se ——, to allow one's self.

*lait*, m., milk.

*laitière*, giving milk. chèvre ——, milch-goat.

*lame*, f., wave, blade (of a knife).

*lance*, f., lance, staff. —— à feu, slow-match, squib.

*langage*, m., language, mode of expression.

*langue*, f., language, tongue.

*laquais*, m., lackey, footman.

*large*, broad, wide. de long en ——, up and down.

*largeur*, f., width.

*larme*, f., tear.

*le, la, les*, pron. acc., him, her, it, them.

*lécher*, to lick. il se lèche tes babines, he licks his chops.

*lecteur*, m., reader.

*léger*, light, slight.

*lendemain*, m., following day.

*lent*, slow.

*lentement*, slowly.

*lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles*, who, whom, that, which; (interrogatively) which one, which.

*leur*, possessive adj., their;
     dative of personal pron., (to) them.

*lever*, v., to lift.
     —— les yeux, to look up.
     se ——, to rise, get up.
n. m., rise, rising.

*lèvre*, f., lip. un mot piquant me vint sur les ——s, I was on the point of giving a sharp answer.

*lier*, to bind.

*lieu*, m., place. au —— de, instead of.

*lieue*, f., league (2-1/2 English miles).

*ligne*, f., line. officier dans la ——, line officer, officer of the line (infantry).

*lime*, f., file.

*limer*, to file.

*lire*, to read.

*lisait*, see *lire*.

*litière*, f., litter.

*livre*, n. m., book; n. f., pound.

*livrer*, to deliver;
     —— bataille, un combat, to fight a battle, to give battle.
     se —— à, to give one's self up to, apply one's self to.

*loin*, far, far off, a great way off. —— de moi!, begone!

*loisir*, m., leisure.

*long, -ue*, adj, long, tedious.
     —— de six pieds, six feet long;
     de —— en large, up and down.
n. m., length.
     le —— de, along;
     tout de son ——, at full length.

*longanimité*, f., forbearance.

*longer*, to walk along.

*longtemps*, long, a great while.
     il y a —— que je ne t'ai vu, I have not seen you for a great
        while.

*longueur*, f., length. six pieds de ——, six feet in length.

*lorgner*, to ogle.

*lors*, then.

*lorsque*, when.

*louer*, to praise.

*lougre*, m., lugger, a two- or three-masted vessel, with quadrilateral sails hung upon yards fixed obliquely to the masts at about one-third of their length.

*lourd*, heavy.

*lu*, see *lire*.

*lugubre*, doleful, dismal.

*lui*, he, (to) him, (to) her, (to) it.

*lumière*, f., light.

*lune*, f., moon.

*luron*, m., jolly fellow.

*lutte*, f., struggle.

*lutter*, to struggle.

*luxe*, m., luxury.

*machinalement*, mechanically.

*maigre*, thin.

*main*, f., hand.
     mettre la —— sur lui, to lay hands upon him;
     battre des ——s, to clap one's hands;
     à la ——, by hand, ready.

*maintes*, pl. f., many.

*maintenant*, now.

*se maintenir dans*, to keep up, continue to be.

*maintien*, m., maintenance.

*mais*, but.

*maison*, f., house, family.
     en m'offrant sa ——, by offering me his hospitality.

*maître*, m., master.
     petit ——, beau, dandy.

*maîtresse ancre*, f., sheet-anchor.

*mal*, n. m., (pl. *maux*), harm, misfortune. adv., badly, poorly, uncomfortably.

*malade*, m. f., sick person.

*maladie*, m., disease.

*mâle*, male.

*malgré*, in spite of.

*malheur*, m., misfortune.

*malheureusement*, unfortunately.

*malheureu-x, -se*, n. m. f., unfortunate person. adj., unfortunate, poor.

*malice*, f., trick.

*malignement*, slyly.

*malin*, m., shrewd person. tu fais le ——, you are acting the shrewd fellow.

*manche*, n. m., handle; n. f., sleeve.

*manège*, m., riding-school.

*manger*, to eat.

*manier*, to handle.

*manière*, f., manner, sort. de —— que, so that; de —— à, so as (to); à la —— de, like.

*manoeuvre*, f., handling.

*manque*, m., lack.

*manquer*, to lack, fail, miss, be near. Ledoux manqua tomber à la renverse, Ledoux almost fell over backward; et voilà que nous avons manqué de périr tous, and now we have all come very near perishing.

*manteau*, m., cloak, mantle.

*maquis*, m., thicket (in Corsica).

*marchand*, m., merchant, dealer.

*marché*, f., march, progress. se mettre en ——, to start out to march.

*marché*, m., market, bargaining. à bon ——, cheap(ly); avoir bon —— de, to be able to make short work of.

*marcher*, to march, go, walk.

*mardi*, m., Tuesday.

*mari*, m., husband.

*marier*, to marry (off). se ——, to marry, be married.

*marin*, m., seaman, sailor.

*maroquin*, m., morocco-leather.

*marquer*, to score, mark down.

*massue*, f., club.

*mât*, m., mast. le grand ——, the main-mast.

*matelas*, m., mattress.

*matelot*, m., sailor (before the mast).

*matière*, f., matter.
     en —— de, in regard to.

*matin*, m., morning.
     le ——, in the morning.

*maudit*, cursed.

*mauvais*, bad, poor.

*meilleur*, better; le ——, best.

*mélange*, m., mixture.

*mêler*, to entangle, jumble. se ——, to meddle, trouble one's self.

*même*, adj. same, very. à l'instant ——, that very moment. adv., even.

*mémoire*, f., memory.

*menaçant*, menacing.

*ménage*, m., housekeeping, household, management. nous le laissions faire son petit ménage à sa guise, we let him do his little managing as he liked, we let him have his own sweet will.

*ménagère*, f., (thrifty) housekeeper.

*mener*, to carry, lead. —— paître, to pasture, take to pasture.

*menottes*, f., handcuffs.

*mentir*, to tell a lie.

*mépris*, m., contempt.

*mer*, f., sea.

*mère*, f., mother.

*mériter*, to deserve.

*merveilleusement*, wonderfully.

*messe*, f., mass.

*mesure*, f., measure. à —— que, in proportion as; outre ——, excessively.

*mesurer*, to measure off.

*met, mets*, see *mettre*.

*mettre*, to put, place, set. —— dans une carte, to hit a playing-card; —— au désespoir, to vex extremely; —— le feu à, to set fire to; —— à flot, to set afloat; —— en joue, to aim (at), take aim; —— la main sur, to attack, lay hands on; —— pied à terre, to dismount; il fut mis en pièces, he was torn to pieces; il la mit en mille pièces, he broke it to fragments.

*se mettre*, to put one's self. —— à, to begin; —— en bataille, to line up in order of battle; —— en devoir de, to set about; —— en marche, to start out to march; —— en route, to start; —— à table, to sit down at table.

*meublé*, furnished.

*meurt*, see *mourir*.

*meurtre*, m., murder.

*meurtri*, bruised.

*miel*, m., honey. rayon de ——, honeycomb.

*le mien*, *la mienne*, mine.

*mieux*, better, more.

*milieu*, m., midst. au —— de, in the midst of.

*mille*, m., a thousand.

*mîmes*, see *mettre*.

*mince*, thin.

*mirent, mis, mit*, see *mettre*.

*mitraille*, f., grapeshot, canister.

*mode*, f., fashion.
     être à la ——, to be in fashion.

*moi*, I, me, to me, as for me.
     cet enfant est-il de ——?, is that my child?

*moindre*, adj., less.
     le ——, (the) least.

*moins*, adv. and n.m., less. le ——, (the) least. au ——, du ——, pour le ——, at least.

*mois*, m., month.

*moitié*, f., half.
     à ——, half.

*moment*, m., moment.
     à tout ——, at every turn.

*momie*, f., mummy.

*monde*, m., world. le moins du ——, the least bit; tout le ——, everybody.

*monsieur*, m., sir.

*montagnard*, m., mountaineer.

*montagne*, f., mountain.

*monter*, to go up, or in, to come up, to rise, to go aboard, be in (a boat).

*montre*, f., watch.

*montrer*, to show, point out; se ——, to appear.

*se moquer de*, to make fun of.

*morceau*, m., bit, piece.

*mordre*, to bite.

*morne*, gloomy.

*mort*, n. f., death; n. m. f., corpse; part., dead. qui est ——, who died; balle ——e, spent ball.

*mortifier*, to mortify.

*mot*, m., word, saying.

*motif*, m., cause, motive.

*mou, mol, molle*, soft.

*mouche*, f., fly, centre (of a target), faire ——, to hit the bull's eye.

*moucheté*, spotted.

*mouchoir*, m., handkerchief.

*mouflon*, m., mouflon, a species of wild sheep, inhabiting the mountains of southern Europe, as of Greece, Sardinia, and Corsica.

*mouiller*, to anchor.

*mourais*, see *mourir*.

*mourant*, dying.

*mourir*, to die.

*mour -urent, -ut*, see *mourir*.

*mousse*, n. f., froth, foam; n. m., cabin-boy.

*mouvement*, m., motion.

*moyen*, m., means. au —— de, by means of.

*muet*, dumb, silent.

*mur*, m., wall.

*mûr*, ripe, mature.

*muraille*, f., wall.

*murmure*, m., murmuring, grumbling.

*murmurer*, to mutter, mumble.

*musique*, f., band (of musicians).

*naturel*, m., naturalness.

*naufragé*, n. m., person ship-wrecked; adj., wrecked.

*navire*, m., ship.

*négliger*, to neglect.

*négociant*, m., merchant.

*nègre*, m., negro.

*négresse*, f., negress.

*négrier*, m., slave-ship.

*net, -te*, distinct, easy.

*nettement*, plainly.

*nez*, m., nose.

*niais*, silly, simple.

*noce*, f., wedding.

*noir*, adj., black; n. m., black, negro.

*nom*, m., name.

*nombre*, m., number.
     bon ——, a good many.

*nommer*, to name, call.
     comment le nommez-vous?, what is his name?

*non*, no, not.

*nonchalamment*, carelessly, indolently.

*nonobstant*, in spite of.

*notamment*, particularly.

*note*, f., note. de te faire changer de ——, to make you change your tune.

*notre*, our.

*nourriture*, f., board, food.

*nouveau, nouvel, nouvelle,* new, other.
     de nouveau, again.

*nouvelle*, f., news.
     avoir des ——s de, to hear from.

*nouvellement*, newly, lately, recently.

*noyau*, m., stone (of fruit).

*noyer*, to drown.

*nu*, bare.

*nuage*, m., cloud.

*nuire*, to do harm.

*nuit*, f., night, night-time. la ——, at night; cette ——, last night, to-night.

*nuque*, f., nape of the neck.

*obéir (à)*, to obey.

*obligeant*, obliging, kind.

*obstruer*, to obstruct, encumber.

*obus*, m., shell.

*occasion*, f., opportunity, incident.

*s'occuper*, to busy one's self, to be busy.

*oeil* (plur. *yeux*), m., eye.

*offenser*, to offend.

*offrant*, see *offrir*.

*offre*, f., offer.

*offrir*, to offer, en m'offrant sa maison, by offering me his hospitality.

*ombre*, f., shade, shadow.

*on* (*l'on*, for euphony), one, they, we, you, people, men, somebody.

*onze*, eleven.

*opiniâtre*, stubborn.

*or*, m., gold.

*orage*, m., storm.

*orageux*, stormy.

*ordinaire*, m., ordinary practice. à son ——, as usual, in his usual way; d'——, usually.

*oreille*, f., ear. dire à l'—— à quelqu'un, to whisper in anyone's ear.

*orgie*, f., orgy, debauch.

*orner*, to adorn.

*osciller*, to dangle, oscillate.

*oser*, to dare, venture.

*ôter*, to remove, take away, take off.

*ou*, or, or else.

*où*, where, in which, when. d'——, whence; par ——, the same way, which way.

*oublier*, to forget.

*oui*, yes.

*outre*, beyond; —— mesure, excessively; en ——, besides.

*ouvert*, open, frank, sincere.

*ouvrier*, m., workman.

*ouvrir*, to open.
     s'——, to open, open up, be opened;
     n'—— un passage, to cut one's way through;
     s'ouvrirent devant lui, made way for him.

*paille*, f., straw.

*paître*, to graze, pasture. mener ——, to take to pasture.

*paix*, f., peace.

*pâle*, pale.

*pâleur*, f., pallor.

*palissade*, f., stockade.

*pan!*, bang!

*panier*, m., basket. à la fin du ——, when the basket was empty.

*panser*, to dress (wounds).

*pantoufle*, f., slipper.

*paon* (pronounce pan), peacock.

*papier*, m., paper.

*paquet*, m., bundle, parcel.

*par*, by, through, in. —— contre, on the other hand; —— derrière, behind; —— dessus, over; —— devant, in front; —— où, the same way, which way.

*parais; paraiss-aient, -ait*, see *paraître*.

*paraître*, to appear; (impersonal) to look, seem.

*parbleu!*, upon my word!, zounds!

*parce que*, because.

*parcourant*, see *parcourir*.

*parcourir*, to look over, peruse.

*pareil-le*, similar, such.

*parent*, m., relative. était quelque peu —— de, was a distant relative of.

*parenté*, f., relationship.

*se parer*, to adorn one's self.

*parfait*, perfect.

*parier*, to bet, lay a wager.

*parler*, to speak, talk.

*parmi*, among.

*parole*, f., word. adresser la —— à, to speak to.

*paroli*, m., double stake, or bet (at faro).

*pars*, see *partir*.

*part*, f., part, side. de la —— de, from; prendre —— à, to participate in; de toutes ——s, on every hand; de —— en ——, through and through.

*partager*, to share, distribute, take part in.

*partait*, see *partir*.

*partant*, m., the departing one.

*parterre*, m., pit.

*parti*, m., party, side, cause, resolution. prendre le —— de, to make up one's mind, resign one's self to; il prit un ——, he formed a resolution.

*particulier*, n. m., individual; adj., peculiar.

*partie*, f., part, (contracting) party.

*partir*, to start, go away, depart, be off, come, proceed, go off (of fire-arms).

*par-urent, -ussent, -ut*, see *paraître*.

*parvenais*, see *parvenir*.

*parvenir à*, to attain, reach, succeed.

*parvenu; parviennent, parvînmes, parvint*, see *parvenir*.

*pas*, m., step, pace. à —— comptés, very slowly; à —— lents, slowly; —de course, quick-step.

*pas*, adv., no, not, not any.

*passablement*, tolerably.

*passant*, m., passer-by.

*passavant*, m., gangway.

*passé*, past. la semaine ——e, last week.

*passer*, to pass, pass along, or through, be considered. en passant, as (I) passed by; —— à la revue devant, to pass in review before. se ——, to pass, pass by, happen, to be going on. il se passa dix minutes, ten minutes elapsed.

*patrie*, f., home.

*patte*, f., leg (of an animal).

*pauvre*, poor, wretched.

*paver*, to pave.

*payer*, to pay for.

*pays*, m., country, native place.

*paysage*, m., landscape.

*paysan*, *-ne*, peasant, country-woman.

*peau*, f., skin.

*peccadille*, f., peccadillo, slight offence.

*peine*, f., trouble, difficulty. à ——, hardly, scarcely; être en ——, to be uneasy; donner de la ——, to cause trouble, be troublesome; se donner la —— de, to take the trouble to, be so kind as to; faire de la —— à, to pain; j'eus —— à retenir un cri, I could scarcely refrain from crying out.

*peiner*, to pain, trouble.

*pencher*, to bend.

*pendant*, during, for. —— que, while.

*pendre*, to hang, suspend.

*pénible*, painful, difficult.

*péniblement*, painfully.

*pensée*, f., thought, idea.

*penser*, to think.

*percer*, to pierce, pierce through.

*perdre*, to lose.

*perdu*, lost, ruined.

*père*, m., father.

*perfide*, m., traitor.

*permettre*, to allow, permit.

*perron*, m., flight of steps before a house, stoop, verandah.

*Perse*, f., Persia.

*personne*, (with 'ne' before verb) nobody, (not) anybody.

*persuader*, convince.

*peser*, to bear upon, lie.

*petit*, adj., little, small, —— à ——, little by little, by degrees; —- maître, dandy, n. m. young, kitten.

*peu*, adv., little, few. dans ——, shortly; depuis ——, lately; quelque ——, somewhat, a little; —— à ——, gradually, little by little; un ——, somewhat, for a short time, a bit. n. m., few. le —— de matelots, the few sailors.

*peur*, f., fear. avoir ——, to be afraid; de —— de, for fear of; faire —— à, to frighten.

*peut-être*, perhaps.

*peut*, *peuvent*, see *pouvoir*.

*pharaon*, m., faro.

*piaffer*, to paw (the ground).

*pièce*, f., piece, apartment, cannon. mettre en ——s, to tear, break, to pieces.

*pied*, m., foot, à quelques ——s de nous, a few feet away; cinq ——s de haut, five feet tall; sortir à ——, to go out on foot; se lever en ——, to rise.

*pierre*, f., stone. —— à feu, flint.

*piquant*, sharp, biting, cutting, keen.

*pire*, adj., worse.

*pis*, adv., worse. le ——, the worst; tant ——, so much the worse.

*pistolet*, m., pistol.

*pitié*, f., pity.

*place*, f., place.
     sur ——, on the spot.

*plaindre*, to pity.
     se ——, to complain.

*plaire*, to please.
     comme il vous plaira, as you like.

*plaisaient*, see *plaire*.

*plaisanter*, to jest, joke.

*plaisanterie*, f., joke. par ——, by way of a joke.

*plaît*, see *plaire*.

*planche*, f., board, plank.

*plancher*, m., floor.

*plat*, n. m., dish, flat side; adj., insipid, low, mean.

*plat-bord*, m., gunwale.

*plateau*, m., tray.

*plein*, full, filled.

*pleurer*, to weep.

*pli*, m., hollow.

*plonger*, to plunge.

*la plupart*, the greater part, most people.

*plus*, adv., more, most. de ——, more, moreover; —— de, more than; de —— en ——, more and more; non ——, neither; rien de ——, nothing more; ne… ——, no more, no longer; tout au ——, at most.

*plus… plus* (correlative conj.) the more… the more.

*plusieurs*, several.

*plutôt*, rather.

*poche*, f., pocket, pouch.

*poids*, m., burden, weight.

*poignard*, m., dagger.

*se poignarder*, to stab one's self.

*poing*, m., fist.

*point*, adv., no, not, not at all; n. m., point. au dernier ——, in the highest degree.

*pointe*, f., sharp end.

*pointu*, pointed, sharp.

*poire*, f., pear. —— à foudre, powder-horn.

*poisson*, m., fish.

*poitrine*, f., chest, breast, lungs.

*polonais*, Polish.

*pompon*, m., pompon, a ball of colored wool worn on the front of a shako.

*pont*, m., deck (of a ship).

*ponte*, m., punter, a faro player (not the dealer).

*porte*, f., gate, door.

*portée*, f., shot. à deux ——s de canon, within, at a distance of, two cannon-shots.

*portefeuille*, m., portfolio, pocket-book.

*porter*, to carry, bear, wear, put. se ——, to be, to do (of health).

*porteur*, m., bearer.

*poser*, to place.

*posséder*, to possess. se ——, to command one's temper. il ne se posséda plus, he was beside himself.

*poste*, n. m., position; n. f., mail, stage-coach.

*poster*, to station.

*postillon*, m., postilion, driver.

*pouce*, m., thumb, inch.

*poudre*, f., gunpowder.

*poulet*, m., chicken.

*poupe*, f., poop, stern. chambre de ——, poop-cabin.

*pour*, for, to. —— le moins, at least; —— moi, as for me.

*pourquoi*, why.

*pourr-a, -ais, -ait*, see *pouvoir*.

*poursuivi, poursuivit*, see *poursuivre*.

*poursuivre*, to pursue, continue.

*pourtant*, however, for all that.

*pousser*, to send forth, put out, utter. —— un cri, to cry out; ils poussèrent trois hourras, they gave three cheers.

*poussière*, f., dust.

*pouv-ais, -ait, -aient*, see *pouvoir*.

*pouvoir*, to be able, can, may.
     le moment était on ne peut plus favorable, the moment was
        most propitious;
     se ——, to be possible.

*pouvoir*, m., power.

*pouvons*, see *pouvoir*.

*pratique*, f., practice, practical part.

*pratiquer*, to practise.

*précipitamment, avec précipitation*, hurriedly, hastily.

*précipiter*, to hurry. se —— sur (dans), to rush, or dash, at.

*précisément*, precisely.

*prédire* (part. *prédit*), to foretell, predict.

*se prélasser*, to assume an air of dignity.

*premi-er, -ere*, first.

*pren-aient, -ait, -ant*, see *prendre*.

*prendre*, to take, take on, assume, catch, handle, use. a tout ——, upon the whole; —— en grippe, to take a dislike to; —— femme, to marry; —— feu, to get angry; —— le parti de, to make up one's mind, resign one's self to; il a pris par ce sentier, he went this way, by this path; je me sentis pris par, I felt overcome by; —— part, to participate; —— place, to sit down.

*près (de)*, near, close to, almost, nearly.

*présager*, to forebode, portend.

*présenter*, to offer, introduce. —— ses hommages, to pay one's respects.

*presque*, almost, nearly.

*presser*, to press, urge. —— la détente, to pull the trigger. se ——, to be in a hurry.

*prêt*, ready, in readiness. tiens-toi ——e, be on your guard.

*prétendre*, to maintain.

*prétention*, f., claim.

*prêter*, to lend.

*prévenir*, to anticipate, forestall.

*prévint*, see *prévenir*.

*prier*, to pray, beg, bid, request.

*prière*, f., prayer, entreaty.

*printemps*, m., spring.

*prirent, pris, prit*, see *prendre*.

*prise*, f., capture, taking, prize hold.

*prisonnier*, m., prisoner.

*prix*, m., price.

*prochain*, next, approaching.

*proche*, near.

*produire*, to produce, make.

*produisait*, see *produire*.

*produit*, m., proceeds, yield.

*se promener*, to walk, go for a walk.

*promettre* (part. *promis*), to promise.

*promptement*, promptly, quickly.

*prononcer*, to utter.

*proposition*, f., proposal.

*propre*, own.

*propriétaire*, m., f., landed proprietor, freeholder.

*propriété*, f., estate.

*proscrit*, m., outlaw.

*protéger*, to protect.

*proue*, f., prow.

*province*, f., country.

*puis*, then, afterward.

*puis, pu, pus*, see *pouvoir*.

*puisque*, since, seeing that.

*puissant*, powerful.

*en qualité de*, as, in the capacity of.

*quand*, when.

*quart*, m., quarter. officier du ——, officer of the watch.

*quartier*, m., piece, military quarter.

*quatre*, four.

*quatre-vingts*, eighty.

*que*, pron., whom, that, which, what; conj., as, how. ne… que, only.

*quel, -le*, what.

*quelque*, adj., some, a few; adv., some, about. —— peu, somewhat; —— chose, something; quelqu'un, somebody; quelques-uns, some, a few.

*quelquefois*, sometimes.

*querelle*, f., quarrel.
     chercher —— à, to pick a quarrel with.

*qui*, who, whom, which, that, some.
     —— deçà, —— delà, in all directions at once.

*quiconque*, whoever, whomsoever.

*quitte*, free, rid, even, square (with).
     il n'aurait pas été si facilement —— avec moi, I would not
have let him off so easily;
     vous en voilà ——, now you are rid of them, or safe.

*quitter*, to leave, lay aside.

*quoi*, which, what.

*raccommoder*, to repair.

*racine*, f., root.

*raconter*, to relate, tell, narrate.

*radieux*, radiant.

*rafraîchir*, to cool, refresh.

*raison*, f., reason, satisfaction. rendre ——, to give satisfaction.

*raisonnable*, reasonable.

*ramasser*, to pick up.

*rame*, f., oar.

*ramener*, to take back.

*ramer*, to row.

*rapidement*, rapidly, in rapid succession.

*se rappeler*, to remember, recall.

*rapport*, m., relation.

*s'en rapporter à*, to refer one's self to. s'en —— au sort, to have recourse to drawing lots.

*rapproché*, close.

*se rapprocher*, to come near again be friends again.

*rareté*, f., scarcity.

*se raser*, to shave one's self. comme il était à ——, as he was shaving.

*rassasier*, to satiate.

*rasseoir*, to seat again.

*se rassurer*, to recover one's self.

*se rattacher*, to be connected, be centered.

*ravin*, m., ravine.

*rayon*, m., comb (of honey).

*rebelle*, rebellious.

*rebut*, m., trash.

*recevoir*, to receive.

*recevrait*, see *recevoir*.

*rechange*, m., change. fusil de ——, spare gun.

*rechercher*, to seek, endeavor to obtain.

*récit*, m., narration, statement, story.

*réclamation*, f., complaint, protest.

*réclamer*, to object, protest.

*récolte*, f., harvest.

*reconnais*, see *reconnaître*.

*reconnaissance*, f., gratitude, reconnoitring party.

*reconnaître*, to recognize.

*reconter*, to tell again.

*se recoucher*, to lie down again.

*recouvrer*, to recover, regain.

*recouvrir*, to cover again, hide.

*recueillir*, to gather, pick up.

*reculer*, to fall back.

*reç -u, -us, -ut, -ût*, see *recevoir*.

*redemander*, to ask for again, ask back again.

*redingote*, f., overcoat.

*redoubler*, to increase, redouble. de coups redoublés, again and again.

*redoute*, f., redoubt, small fort.

*redouter*, to fear.

*se redresser*, to straighten up.

*réduire*, to reduce.

*réduisait*, see *réduire*.

*réel*, real.

*réfléchir*, to consider.

*réflexion*, f., thought. faire ——, to reflect.

*réformé*, discharged.

*refroidir*, to cool, become cold.

*se refuser à*, to resist.

*regagner*, to get back, return to, reach again.

*regarder*, to look at, look upon, consider.

*reine*, f., queen.

*rejeter*, to throw again, throw back.

*rejoignis, rejoint*, see *rejoindre*.

*rejoindre*, to join, overtake.

*réjouir*, to delight, gladden.

*relever*, to lift up again, raise. se ——, to rise again, get up again.

*remarquer*, to notice, remark.

*se rembarquer*, to engage again, go on board again.

*remercier*, to thank.

*remettre*, to put on again, put back again, deliver, give up. —— à, to put in charge of; on remit les armes en faisceaux, we stacked arms again. se ——, to begin again, compose one's self, recover.

*remis-s, -t*, see *remettre*.

*remonter*, to go up again.

*rempart*, m., bulwark.

*remplacer*, to replace.

*rempli*, full.

*remplir*, to fill.

*remuer*, to move, stir.

*rencontre*, f., encounter, meeting. aller à la —— de quelqu'un, to go to meet any one; il s'élança sa ——, he dashed forward to meet him.

*rencontrer*, to meet, meet with.
     se ——, to be met with, to be seen.
     jamais il ne s'est rencontré un gaillard doué d'un bonheur plus
insolent, you never saw a fellow with more impudent luck.

*rendez-vous*, m., place of meeting, rendezvous.

*rendre*, to restore, give back, payback, deliver, give, make. —— fou (folle), to drive insane; —— raison, to give satisfaction. se ——, to go.

*renfermer*, to confine.

*renoncer à*, to give up.

*renouveler*, to renew. se ——, to be renewed.

*rentrer*, to return, be compressed.

*à la renverse*, backwards.

*renverser*, to throw down.

*se répandre*, to settle (themselves), to spread.

*reparaître*, to reappear.

*repartir*, to reply.

*reparut*, see *reparaître*.

*se repentir*, to repent.

*répéter*, to repeat.

*replier*, to fold. se ——, to fall back.

*répondre*, to answer, reply.

*repos*, m., rest.

*repoussant*, forbidding, repellent.

*repousser*, to push away.

*reprendre*, to take again, take up again, return, recover, resume, begin again.

*représentation*, f., performance.

*se représenter*, to fancy, imagine.

*repri-s, -t*, see *reprendre*.

*se reproduire*, to come again, to occur again.

*reproduisait*, see *reproduire*.

*résolu*, resolute.

*résolu, résolus*, see *résoudre*.

*résonner*, to clank.

*résoudre*, to resolve.

*respirer*, to breathe.

*ressembler à*, to be like, resemble.

*ressort*, m., spring.

*restant*, m., remaining one.

*reste*, m., remainder, au ——, besides.

*rester*, to remain, to be left.

*retarder*, to defer.

*retenir*, to retain, keep, keep from, hold back.

*retentir*, to resound, ring.

*retint*, see *retenir*.

*retirer*, to take away, derive, get.
     se ——, to retire, leave.

*retourner*, to return.
     s'en ——, to go back again.

*retraite*, f., retreat.

*retranchement*, m., intrenchment, stronghold.

*réunion*, f., meeting.

*réunir*, to join again, unite.

*réussite*, f., success.

*en revanche*, on the other hand.

*réveil*, m., awakening.

*réveiller*, to awake. —— en sursaut, to arouse suddenly. se ——, to wake up.

*reveler*, reveal.

*revenait*, see *revenir*.

*revenir* (part. *revenu*), to come back, return, recover, get over, come to. ce qui lui revenait, what he had a right to claim, what was coming to him.

*rêver*, to dream.

*revers*, m., back, reverse, facing (of clothes), top (of boots).

*reviens; revin-s, -t*, see *revenir*.

*revoir*, to see again, meet again. se ——, to see, to meet each other again.

*se révolter*, to revolt.

*revoyons, revu*, see *revoir*.

*ricaner*, to chuckle, sneer.

*richesse*, f., wealth.

*rien*, m., nothing, anything. —— de plus, nothing more.

*riez*, see *rire*.

*rigueur*, f., severity. à la ——, at a pinch; tenir —— à, to be severe upon, refuse to come around.

*riposter*, to return it, to reply readily.

*rire*, v., to laugh.
     —— de bon coeur, to have a good laugh;
     —— d'un gros rire, to burst into a horse-laugh.
n. m., laughter.

*rivage*, m., bank (of rivers).

*rivière*, f., river.

*robe*, f., dress.

*rocher*, m., rock.
     de —— en ——, from rock to rock.

*roide* (pron. raide), rigid.
     tomber —— mort, to fall down dead.

*roman*, m., novel.

*romanesque*, fanciful, romantic.

*rompre*, to break (off).

*roue*, m., wheel.

*rouge*, red.

*rouille*, f., rust.

*se rouiller*, to grow rusty.

*roulement*, m., rolling, roll.

*rouler*, to revolve, turn.
     se ——, to roll about.

*route*, f., road.
     en ——, on the way.

*rue*, f., street, passage.

*russe*, Russian.

*sain*, sound.

*saisir*, to seize, catch hold of, take. se —— de, to catch hold of.

*sais, sait*, see *savoir*.

*salé*, salted. chair ——e, salt meat.

*salon*, m., drawing-room.

*saluer*, to salute.

*sang*, m., blood.

*sang-froid*, m., coolness, composure.

*sanglant*, bloody, covered with blood.

*sanglier*, m., wild boar.

*sanglot*, m., sob.

*sangloter*, to sob.

*sans*, without, but for. —— que (conj.), without.

*santé*, f., health.

*satisfaire*, to satisfy.

*saurait*, see *savoir*.

*saut*, m., jump.

*sauter*, to jump, hop, skip.

*sauvage*, m., wild man.

*sauvagerie*, f., shyness.

*sauver*, to save. se ——, to run away.

*sav-ais, -ait*, see *savoir*.

*savant*, skilful.

*savions*, see *savoir*.

*savoir*, v., to know, know how, have a knowledge of.
     (à) savoir?, that is to say?;
     je ne sais quelle plate grossièreté, some low, offensive
expression or other;
     qui ne savait que faire, who did not know what to do.
n. m., learning.

*savoir-faire*, m., ability.

*schako*, m., shako.

*scruter*, to search closely.

*sèchement*, sharply, plainly.

*second*, m., mate (on board ship).

*secours*, m., help, relief.
     vinrent merveilleusement au —— de ton éloquence, aided
         his eloquence wonderfully.

*séduisant*, tempting.

*seigneur*, m., lord.

*selon*, according to.

*semaine*, f., week.

*semblable*, similar, such.

*sembler*, to seem. où bon leur semblerait, wherever they would think fit.

*semer*, to sow.

*sens* (pronounce final 's'), sense, meaning. bon ——, good, or common, sense.

*sens, sent; sentais, -ait, -ant*, see *sentir*.

*sentier*, m., path.

*sentir*, to feel. se ——, to be conscious of, to feel. se —— prit par, to feel overcome by.

*séparer*, to separate, part. se ——, to part.

*sept*, seven.

*sérieusement*, in earnest, seriously.

*serment*, m., oath.

*serré*, compact, crowded.

*serrer*, to squeeze.
     —— la main à quelqu'un, to shake any one by the hand,
to shake hands.
     se ——, to crowd.

*sert, servait*, see *servir*.

*serviable*, obliging.

*servir*, to serve.
     qui devait —— de signal, which was to serve as a signal.
     se —— de, to use, make use of.

*serviteur*, m., servant.

*seuil*, m., threshold.

*seul*, alone, single, only.

*seulement*, only, merely, just.

*sévère*, severe, stern.

*si*, conj., if. —— ce n'est, except. adv., so, however.

*le sien*, his.

*sifflement*, m., whistling, whizzing.

*siffler*, to whistle.

*signe*, m., sign. faire ——, to beckon. il lui faisait —— que, he gave him to understand that.

*silencieux*, silent.

*singulier*, peculiar, odd.

*sinistre*, satanic, sinister.

*situé*, situated.

*six*, six.

*soigneusement*, carefully.

*soin*. m., care.
     avoir —— de, to take care, see to it that;
     donner des ——s à, to attend.

*soir*, m., evening.
     le ——, au ——, in the evening;
     ce —— -là, on that evening.

*soirée*, f., evening, evening party.

*soixante*, sixty.

*soldat*, m., soldier. simple ——, private; ——réformé, discharged soldier.

*soleil*, m., sun. au ——, in the sunshine.

*solennel*, solemn.

*sombre*, dark, gloomy.

*sommeil*, m., sleep.

*sommer*, to call upon, challenge.

*son, sa, ses*, his, her, its, one's.

*sonder*, to sound.

*en songe*, in a dream.

*songer*, to dream, muse, think.

*sort*, m., lot. tirer au ——, to draw lots.

*sort-aient, -ais, -ait, -ant*, see *sortir*.

*sorte*, f., sort, manner. de la ——, thus, in that way; de —— que, en —— que, so that.

*sortir (de)*, v., to come from, out, to set out, emerge, depart, stick out, leave. n. m., leaving.

*sou*, m., sou (worth one cent).

*se soucier*, to care, mind.

*soucieux*, anxious, full of care.

*soudainement*, suddenly.

*souffle*, m., breath.

*souffler*, to blow (out).

*soufflet*, m., box on the ear, affront.

*souffre, souffres*, see *souffrir*.

*souffrir*, to suffer.

*souhaiter*, to wish.

*souiller*, to sully.

*se soulever*, to rise.

*soupçon*, m., suspicion.

*soupçonner*, to suspect.

*soupir*, m., sigh.

*soupirer*, to sigh.

*sourd*, deaf.

*sourire*, v., to smile. n. m., smile.

*sous*, under, below, sub.

*soutenir*, to support.

*souvenir*, n. m., remembrance, recollection, keepsake. se —— (de), v., to remember.

*souvent*, often.

*souviendras, souvint*, see *souvenir*.

*spectacle*, m., sight.

*staroste* (Russian: starosta, bailiff, steward), n. m., starost.

*stylet*, n. m., stiletto.

*subir*, to undergo.

*succéder (à)*, to follow. se ——, to follow one another.

*succomber*, to yield.

*suffire*, to suffice.

*suffît*, see *suffire*.

*la Suisse*, Switzerland.

*suit*, see *suivre*.

*suite*, f., succession, consequence. quatre fois de ——, four times in succession.

*suivant*, following.

*suivre* (part., *suivi*), to follow.

*sujet*, n. m., subject. au —— de, in regard to; à ce ——, about it.

*supplier*, to beseech.

*sur*, upon, on, in, towards. balle —— balle, one bullet after another.

*sûr*, sure.

*sûreté*, f., safety.

*au surplus*, besides, however.

*surprendre*, to surprise, take by surprise, overtake.

*sursaut*, m., start. éveiller en ——, to awaken suddenly.

*surtout*, especially.

*surveiller*, to watch.

*survivant*, m., survivor.

*suspendre*, to dangle, hang, suspend.

*svelte*, slender, elegant.

*tabatière*, f., snuffbox.

*tableau*, m., painting, picture, scene.

*tache*, f., stain, blot.

*tafia*, m., tafia (rum).

*taille*, f., size.

*tailler*, to deal (at cards).

*taillis*, m., copse, underwood. —— fourré, thicket.

*se taire*, to be silent.

*talon*, m., heel. marcher sur les ——s de quelqu'un, to follow close behind any one.

*tambour*, m., drum.

*tandis que*, while, whereas.

*tant (de)*, so much, as much, so many, so, so much so. tant que, so long as; —— pis, so much the worse; —— bien que mal, somehow or other.

*tantôt… tantôt* (correlative conj.), now… then.

*tapage*, m., uproar.

*tapageur*, m., noisy fellow, roisterer.

*tapis*, m., rug.

*tard*, late.

*tarder*, to delay, be long, stay.

*tas*, m., heap, pile.

*taudis*, m., hovel.

*teint*, m., complexion.

*teinte*, f., hue, tint.

*tel, -le*, such.
     —— que, such as.

*tellement*, so, in such a manner.
     me frappa —— que, made such an impression on me that.

*témoin*, m., witness.

*temps*, m., time, weather. avec le ——, in the course of time; en même ——, at the same time; de —— en ——, from time to time; combien de ——, how long; je marchai quelque ——, I walked about a bit.

*ten-ais, -ant*, see *tenir*.

*tendre*, to hold out.

*tendresse*, f., emotion.

*tenez!* look here!

*tenir*, to hold, have hold of, keep. tiens!, see here; —— rigueur à, to be severe upon; il ne tient qu'à moi, it depends only upon me; se —— prêt, to be upon one's guard, to be ready; se —— debout, to stand up.

*tentation*, f., temptation.

*tentative*, f., attempt.

*tenter, to try*. —— un effort, to make an attempt.

*terrain*, m., ground, land.

*terrasser*, to knock down.

*terre*, f., earth, land, ground, à ——, on the ground, down; mettre pied à ——, to alight, dismount. par ——, on the ground.

*tertre*, m., hillock, rising ground.

*tête*, f., head. baisser la ——, to hang one's head; calcul de ——, mental calculation; faire —— à, to resist.

*le tien, la tienne*, thine, yours.

*tiens!*, look here!

*tien-s, -t, tint*, see *tenir*.

*tiers*, m., third.

*tillac*, m., deck (of a ship).

*timonier*, m., helmsman.

*tir*, m., shooting, shooting-gallery, shooting-ground.

*tirailler*, to shoot, skirmish.

*tirailleur*, m., sharpshooter.

*tirer*, to draw, pull, fire, shoot
     tirons au sort à qui le premier feu, let us draw lots to
decide who will have the first shot;
     vous tirez le pistolet?, are you a good shot with the pistol?

*tireur*, m., marksman, shot.

*toile*, f., cloth, linen-cloth, canvas, toils (in hunting).

*tomber*, to fall. —— d'accord, to agree; —— raide mort, to fall down dead; pour faire —— la cendre de sa pipe, to knock the ashes from his pipe.

*ton, ta, tes*, thy, your.

*ton*, m., tone, voice.

*tonneau*, m., cask.

*tonnerre*, m., thunder.

*torrent*, m., flood (of tears).

*tort*, m., wrong, harm, prejudice.
     à ——, wrongly;
     lui fit beaucoup de —— parmi nos jeunes gens, prejudiced our
young men very much against him.

*tortueux*, tortuous.

*toucher*, to touch, affect.

*touffu*, bushy.

*toujours*, always, continuously, still. Fortunato ricanait ——, Fortunato continued to sneer.

*tour*, m., turn. —— à ——, by turns; c'est à mon —— de, it is my turn to.

*tourmenter*, to grieve, torment, trouble.

*tourner*, to turn, turn or move around, la tête me tournait, my head was swimming; se ——, to turn, turn around.

*tout,-e, tous, toutes*, adj., all, whole. tout le monde, everybody; toutes les fois que, as often as; tous les jours, every day.

*tout*, n. m., everything.

*tout,-e*, adv. and adv. conj., wholly, quite, although, for all that. —— à fait, quite, wholly; —— à coup, —— d'un coup, suddenly, all of a sudden; —— au plus, at most; —— à l'heure, just now; —— de son long, at full length; —— en balbutiant, for all that he stammered; —— en faisant grande dépense, for all that he spent a great deal; ——e grossière qu'elle était, however rude it might be.

*toutefois*, nevertheless.

*tracer*, to trace.

*traduire*, to translate.

*trafiquant*, m., dealer.

*trahir*, to betray.

*trahison*, f., treachery. faire une ——, te commit treason.

*se traîner*, to drag one's self along.

*trait*, m., stroke, feature.

*traite*, f., journey, slave-trade, trading on the African coast. faire la ——, to carry on the slave-trade.

*traiter*, to treat.

*traître*, m., traitor.

*tranchant*, sharp, cutting, decisive.

*tranquille*, calm, sois ——, never mind, don't worry; on le laissa ——, he was let alone.

*transparent*, m., transparent paper.

*traquer*, to entrap, to hunt down.

*travail*, m., labor.

*travailler*, to work.

*travers*, m., breadth. au —— de, through; en —— de, crosswise.

*traversée*, f., passage, voyage.

*traverser*, to cross, go through.

*tremblement*, m., quaking.

*trembler*, to tremble.

*une trentaine*, f., about thirty.

*trente*, thirty. —— deux, thirty-two; —— cinq, thirty-five.

*très*, very.

*triste*, melancholy.

*avec tristesse*, gloomily.

*trois*, three.

*troisième*, third.

*tromper*, to deceive. se ——, to be mistaken.

*tronc*, m., trunk, stem.

*tronçon*, m., stump.

*trop*, too, too much.

*trou*, m., hole.

*trouble*, m., confusion.

*troubler*, to disturb, perplex.

*trouer*, to perforate, make a hole in.

*troupeau*, m., flock.

*trouver*, to find, meet, think. se ——, to find one's self, be found, to be.

*tuer*, to kill.

*tut*, see *taire*.

*un, -e*, a, one. les ——s, some.

*usage*, m., custom, practice, use.

*user (de)*, to make use of.

*ustensile*, m., utensil, tool.

*va*, see *aller*.

*vacance*, f., vacancy.

*vague*, f., wave.

*vaguement*, vaguely.

*vaincre*, to conquer.

*vainqueur*, m, victor.

*vaisseau*, m., ship, vessel.

*valait*, see *valoir*.

*valoir*, to be worth. —— mieux, to be worth more, be preferable.

*vanter*, to brag about, extol.

*vaste*, vast, spacious.

*vaurien*, m., scamp.

*vaut*, see *valoir*.

*veille*, f., evening, or day before.

*velours*, m., velvet.

*ven-aient, -ais, -ait*, see *venir*.

*vendeur*, m., seller.

*vendre*, to sell.

*vendredi*, m., Friday.

*se venger*, to take revenge.

*venir* (part. *venu*), to come.
     faire ——, to send for;
     —— à bout de, to succeed;
     il s'en venait, he was coming along;
     comme je venais de ramasser, just as
  I had picked up;
     il venait de recevoir, he had just received[1].

[Footnote 1: The present and the imperfect, indicative mood, of venir followed by de + an infinitive, is translated by the corresponding form of to have followed by just + the past participle of that infinitive.]

*venons*, see *venir*.

*vent*, m., wind.

*ventre*, m., stomach.

*vergue*, f., yard (of a mast).

*vernir*, to varnish.

*verr-as, -a*, see *voir*.

*verre*, m., glass.

*verr-ons, -ont*, see *voir*.

*vers*, towards, to, about.

*verser*, to pour out, shed.

*verste*, f., verst, Russian measure of length containing about two thirds of an English mile.

*vert*, green.

*vertement*, sharply.

*vertu*, f., virtue. en —— de, by virtue of.

*veste*, f., round jacket.

*vêtir*, to clothe, array.

*vêtu*, (part. of *vêtir*), arrayed.

*veuillez*, please, be so kind as.

*veux*, see *vouloir*.

*vide*, empty.

*vider*, to empty.

*vie*, f., life.

*vieillard*, m., old man.

*viendr-a, -ait; viennent, vient*, see *venir*.

*vierge*, f., virgin.

*vieux, vieil, vieille*, old.

*vif, vive*, alive, brisk, keen, alert.

*vilain*, miserable, mean.

*ville*, f., town, city.

*vin*, m., wine.

*vingt*, twenty.

*une vingtaine*, f., a score, about twenty.

*vîmes*, see *voir*.

*vint, vinrent*, see *venir*.

*virent*, see *voir.*

*virer*, to turn. —— de bord, to tack about.

*vis*, see *voir*.

*visage*, m., face.

*viser*, to aim at, take aim at.

*visiter*, to examine, search.

*vit*, see *voir*.

*vite*, fast, quickly, speedily, au plus ——, as quickly as possible.

*vivait*, see *vivre*.

*vivant*, living, alive.

*vivement*, briskly, keenly, vigorously.

*vivent*, see *vivre*.

*vivre*, to live. vive l'empereur!, long live the emperor! (Napoleon).

*vivres*, m. pl., provisions.

*voici*, behold, here is, this is. le ——, here he (it) is.

*voilà*, it is, that is, there is, there are, now. —— la danse qui va commencer, now the fun is going to begin; comme te —— grandi!, how tall you have grown!; comme te —— effrayée!, how frightened you look!; vous en —— quitte, now you are rid of them, or safe.

*voile*, f., sail.

*voilier*, m., sailer, ship,
     un fin ——, a fast sailer.

*voir*, to see.
     se ——, to see one another.

*vois*, see *voir*.

*voisin*, m., neighbor.

*voisinage*, m., neighborhood. j'allais commencer mon compliment de ——, I was going to pay him my neighborly compliment.

*voit*, see *voir*.

*voiture*, f., carriage.
     —— publique, stage-coach.

*voix*, f., voice.
     à —— basse, in a low voice.

*voler*, to fly, steal.

*volontairement*, willfully.

*volonté*, f., will, pl. whims.

*volontiers*, readily, willingly.

*vont*, see *aller*.

*voudr-a, -ais, -ait; voul-aient, -ait, -ez*, see *vouloir*.

*vouloir*, to will, wish, want. —— dire, to mean; qui n'avait pas voulu, who had declined.

*voul-u, -us, -ut, -ût*, see *vouloir*.

*voy-ait, -ant, -ez*, see *voir*.

*vrai*, true, real, regular.

*vraiment*, truly, indeed.

*vu* (part.), see *voir*.

*vu* (prep.), considering.

*vue*, f., sight, view.

*y*, adv., there, thither; pers. pron., at it, in it.