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m.
questioning, examination.

interroger
,
v.
to interrogate, question.

interrompre
,
v.
to interrupt;
s'--
, interrupt oneself, stop.

interruption
,
f.
interruption.

interstice
,
m.
interstice, opening, crevice.

intervalle
,
m.
interval, space.

intime
,
adj.
intimate.

intimider
,
v.
to intimidate.

intonation
,
f.
intonation.

intrépide
,
adj.
intrepid, dauntless, fearless.

intrigant
,
m.
intriguer.

intriguer
,
v.
to puzzle, perplex.

introduire
,
v.
to introduce, put or show in;
s'--
, introduce oneself, get in.

inusité, -e
,
adj.
unused, unaccustomed.

inutile
,
adj.
useless, needless.

invariablement
,
adv.
invariably.

invasion
,
f.
invasion.

inventer
,
v.
to invent.

invention
,
f.
invention.

investigation
,
f.
investigation.

invincible
,
adj.
invincible, uncontrollable.

invitation
,
f.
invitation.

inviter
,
v.
to invite;
invité, -e
,
m., f.
guest.

involontaire
,
adj.
involuntary.

invoquer
,
v.
to invoke.

invraisemblable
,
adj.
improbable, unlikely (
s
pronounced as in
sembler
).

iraigne
, dialectic for
araignée
.

Iran
,
m.
Iran (Persia, also the surrounding countries of the great Asiatic plateau).

ironie
,
f.
irony.

ironique
,
adj.
ironical.

irrécusable
,
adj.
unexceptionable, unobjectionable.

irrégulier, -ère
,
adj.
irregular.

irréprochable
,
adj.
irreproachable.

irrésistiblement
,
adv.
irresistibly.

irresponsable
,
adj.
irresponsible.

irriter
,
v.
to irritate;
s'--
, be irritated, be aroused.

irruption
,
f.
irruption, bursting, inroad.

isoler
,
v.
to isolate;
isolé, -e
, isolated, solitary, detached.

issu, -e
,
adj.
descending, born.

issue
,
f.
issue, escape, exit.

italien, -ne
,
adj. and s.
Italian (written
Italien
when
s.
).

itou
,
adv. and conj.
also (dialectic survival of the Old French
itel
).

ivoire
,
m.
ivory.

ivre
,
adj.
intoxicated, drunk.

ivrogne
,
m.
drunkard.


J


j'
,
see
je
.

jabot
,
m.
frill.

Jacobite
,
m.
Jacobite.

Jacquerie (la)
, name given to the uprising of the French peasants against the nobles in 1358.

Jacques
, James.

Jacquette
,
cf.
Jenny, Janet.

jadis
,
adv.
of old, in former times (
s
pronounced).

jaillir
,
v.
to burst forth or out, gush out, spurt, flash.

jaloux, -ouse
,
adj.
jealous.

jamais
,
adv.
never, ever;
ne ... --
, never.

jambe
,
f.
leg.

jambon
,
m.
ham.

jante
,
f.
rim (of a wheel).

janvier
,
m.
January.

Japon
,
m.
Japan.
japonais, -e
,
adj. and s.
Japanese (written
Japonais
when
s.
).

jaquette
,
f.
jacket.

jardin
,
m.
garden.

jaser
,
v.
to chatter, gossip.

jaspe
,
m.
jasper.

jasper
,
v.
to vein, streak, mottle.

jatte
,
f.
bowl.

jaunâtre
,
adj.
yellowish.

jaune
,
adj. and m.
yellow;
mettre la -- au nid
, to put the yellow hen on the nest.

Javotte
, proper name (usually applied to talkative women).

je
,
conj. pr.
I.

Jean
, John.

Jean-Baptiste
(
p
not pronounced), frequent Christian name (from: John the Baptist).

Jésus
, Jesus;
--!
,
interj.
heavens!, etc. (
s
pronounced).

jet
,
m.
jet.

jetée
,
f.
jetty, pier.

jeter
,
v.
to throw, cast, throw out, cast or give forth, throw down or away, utter;
se --
, throw

oneself, etc., dart;
la langue au chat
, give up guessing.

jettatura
,
f.
bewitching, spell (cast by the eyes, etc.; Italian).

jeu
,
m.
game, gambling, trick, set (of dominoes, etc.), gaming;
-- de mots
, pun.

jeudi
,
m.
Thursday.

jeune
,
adj.
young, junior;
-- fille
, girl.

jeûner
,
v.
to fast.

jeunesse
,
f.
youth.

jeunet, -te
,
adj.
too or very young, youthful.

joie
,
f.
joy.

joindre
,
v.
to join, put together, meet, clasp, add, reach.

joli, -e
,
adj.
pretty, good looking.

joliment
,
adv.
prettily, mighty (familiar in last sense).

Jonquières
, name of several French villages, the one to which Daudet refers is in the

department of Gard, near Beaucaire.

Joseph
, Joseph (see Genesis xxxvii, etc.).

joue
,
f.
cheek.

jouer
,
v.
to play, stake;
se --
, play;
faire --
, start moving, bring into action, call up, move to and

fro;
-- de
, play (a musical instrument);
-- à
, play (a game).

jouet
,
m.
toy, plaything.

joueur
,
m.
player gambler.

jouir
,
v.
to enjoy (object is preceded by
de
).

jouissance
,
f.
enjoyment, pleasure, delight.

joujou
,
m.
toy, plaything.

jour
,
m.
day, daylight, daytime, light, opening;
à --
, open-work;
au -- levant
, at daylight;

faire --
, to be light;
ce n'est pas trop d'un --
, a day is not too much.

journal
,
m.
newspaper.

journée
,
f.
day.

joyeusement
,
adv.
joyfully, gaily.

joyeux, -euse
,
adj.
joyous, merry, cheerful.

juge
,
m.
judge.

juger
,
v.
to judge, consider.

juif, -ive
,
adj. and s.
Jewish, Jew, Jewess.

juin
,
m.
June.

Julie
, Julia.

Julien
, Julian.

jument
,
f.
mare.

jupe
,
f.
skirt.

Jupiter
, the father and master of the Greek and Roman gods;
-- Olympien
, Olympian

Jupiter (famous statue by Phidias at Olympia, called one of the seven marvels of the world).

jupon
,
m.
petticoat.

jurement
,
m.
oath.

jurer
,
v.
to swear.

juron
,
m.
oath.

jusque
,
prep.
to, up to, as far as, until;
jusqu'à
, to, as far as, up to, until, even;
-- là
, till there,

till then;

jusqu'ici
, till now;
jusqu'à ce que
,
conj.
until.

juste
,
adj. and adv.
just, exact, exactly;
au --
, exactly.

justesse
,
f.
accuracy, precision.

justice
,
f.
justice, law, courts;
homme de --
, judge, lawyer, man of law.

justicier
,
m.
justiciary, judge.


K


kandjar
,
m.
long Oriental dagger.

Karl
, Charles (German).

Kasba
,
f.
casbah (citadel and palace of a sovereign in the Barbary States).

Kasper
, Jasper (German).

kilomètre
,
m.
kilometer (5/8 mile).

kiosque
,
m.
kiosque (pavilion).

Kislar-agassi
,
m.
the chief of the Eunuchs in the Imperial Harem (
kîz
= girl or woman, in

Turkish;
lar
is the plural suffix;
agâ
= chief;
si
is the possessive pronoun of the third persan;

kîzlar-agâsi
= chief of the women).

kreutzer
,
m.
kreutzer (German coin = 2/3 cent; pronounced in French:
creutsair
).


L


l'
, used before on for euphony.

l'
,
see
le, la
(
art. or pr.
).

la
,
see
le
.

là
,
adv
. there, here (frequent as affix or suffix, when so used see word to which it is added);

par --
, that way, by there, over that way.

lac
,
m.
lake.

lâche
,
adj.
cowardly.

lâcher
,
v.
to loosen, let out, release, undo, let go.

lâcheté
,
f.
cowardice, cowardly act.

laid, -e
,
adj.
homely, ugly.

laine
,
f.
wool;
de --
, woolen.

laïque
,
adj. and s.
secular, layman;
à la --
, outside the Church, among the laity.

laisse
,
f.
leash.

laisser
,
v.
to let, leave, let alone;
-- -là
, leave alone, drop (an acquaintance, etc.);
il ne laissait
pas que de,
he did not fail to.

lait
,
m.
milk;
enfant de --
, nursling.

laiteux, -euse
,
adj.
milky.

lambeau
,
m.
rag, shred;
mettre en lambeaux
, to tear in shreds.

lambris
,
m.
wainscoting, paneling.

lame
,
f.
strip, blade, wave.

lamentable
,
adj.
lamentable, sorrowful.

lampe
,
f.
lamp.

lance
,
f.
lance;
-- à feu
, squib, slow-match.

lancer
,
v.
to dart, throw, hurl, let go, send forth, cast, cast or throw out, start;
-- une casquette
,

introduce (or set the style for) a cap.

lande
,
f.
waste-land, heath.

langage
,
m.
language.

lange
,
m.
piece of cloth (usually for wrapping a new-born child); strip (of cloth),

swaddling-clothes (infrequent in singular).

langue
,
f.
tongue, language.

langueur
,
f.
languor.

lanière
,
f.
thong.

lanterne
,
f.
lantern.

lapin
,
m.
rabbit.

laps
,
m.
lapse, period (
ps
pronounced).

laquais
,
m.
lackey, footman.

lard
,
m.
bacon.

large
,
adj. and m.
broad, wide, sweeping, great, large, width, breadth, open sea;
ouvert
tout au --
, wide open.

larme
,
f.
tear;
rire aux larmes
, to laugh till the tears came.

larve
,
f.
larva.

las, -se
,
adj.
weary, tired.

latakié
,
m.
latakia (a fine Turkish tobacco).

latéral, -e
,
adj.
lateral, side.

latin, -e
,
adj. and s.
Latin.

laver
,
v.
to wash.

le, la (l'
, before vowels;
les
,
pl.), def. art.
the;
de la sorte
, in that way.

le, la (les
,
pl.
;
lui, leur,
indirect),
conj. pr.
him, her, it, so, them, to him, to them, etc.

leçon
,
f.
lesson.

lecture
,
f.
reading.

légende
,
f.
legend.

léger, -ère
,
adj.
light (weight), slight, thin.

légèrement
,
adv.
lightly, slightly.

légion
,
f.
legion;
Légion d'honeur
, Legion of Honor (Order established by Napoleon

Bonaparte in 1802 to reward merit).

légitime
,
adj.
legitimate.

légitimement
,
adv.
legitimately.

léguer
,
v.
to bequeath.

légume
,
m.
vegetable.

lendemain
,
m.
following day, next day.

lent, -e
,
adj.
slow.

lentement
,
adv.
slowly.

lenteur
,
f.
slowness;
avec des lenteurs
, slowly, with

hesitation or deliberation.

lequel, laquelle (lesquels, lesquelles
,
pl.), rel. and int. pr.
which, who, which?, who?

les
,
see
le
.

lessive
,
f.
lye, washing;
couler la --
, to soak the clothes in lye, begin to wash.

lestement
,
adv.
quickly, lightly.

lettre
,
f.
letter.

leur
,
conj. pr.
, see
le
;
adj.
their;
le --
, theirs.

Levallois-Perret
, manufacturing suburb northwest of Paris.

levée
,
f.
raising, uprising, breaking up.

lever
,
v.
to raise;
se --
, rise, arise, get up, break (dawn);
m.
rise, rising;
au jour levé (levant)
,

at daybreak;

levé, -e
, up;
au soleil levant
, at sunrise.

lèvre
,
f.
lip;
lèvres en fleur
, full-blown lips (like a rose).

liane
,
f.
bind-weed.

liasse
,
f.
bundle, roll.

liberté
,
f.
liberty.

libraire
,
m.
bookseller, stationer.

libre
,
adj.
free, clear.

lien
,
m.
bond.

lier
,
v.
to bind, tie, tie up;
lié
,
m.
rubber (in games).

lieu
,
m.
place, spot;
avoir --
, to take place, have reason;
au -- de
, instead of;
donner -- à
,

to cause.

lieue
,
f.
league (2~1/2 miles).

lieutenant
,
m.
lieutenant.

lièvre
,
m.
hare.

ligne
,
f.
line, fishing-line.

lilas
,
m.
lilac, lilac-bush.

limpide
,
adj.
limpid, clear.

linge
,
m.
linen, cloth; pl. linen clothes;
-- sale
, dirty linen or clothes;
laver le --
, to wash the

clothes.

lion
,
m.
lion.

liqueur
,
f.
liquor, cordial.

liquide
,
adj. and m.
liquid.

lire
,
v.
to read.

lis
,
m.
lily (s pronounced).

liséré
,
m.
strip.

lisière
,
f.
border, outskirts, selvage, list (cloth), string.

lit
,
m.
bed.

litière
,
f.
litter.

litre
,
m.
liter (about 7/8 of a quart).

littéraire
,
adj.
literary.

littéralement
,
adv.
literally.

littérature
,
f.
literature.

livide
,
adj.
livid.

livre
,
m.
book;
grand --
, great book, ledger.

livre
,
f.
pound, franc.

livrer
,
v.
to deliver, give over;
se -- à
, devote or apply oneself to, give oneself over to;
un
combat se livra
, a battle was fought.

livret
,
m.
little book (of identification, etc., used as a passport).

local, -e
,
adj.
local.

locution
,
f.
locution.

lofer
,
v.
to luff (bring the head of a vessel to the wind).

loge
,
f.
lodge, porter's room, box (theater).

loger
,
v.
to lodge, star.

logique
,
adj.
logical.

logis
,
m.
bouse, dwelling, lodge, lodging-house, lodgings.

loi
,
f.
law.

loin
,
adv. and m.
far away, distant, distance;
plus --
, farther;
de --
, afar, at or from a distance;

de -- en --
, from place to place, from time to time.

lointain, -e
,
adj. and m.
distant, far away, distance.

loisir
,
m.
leisure.

long, -ue
,
adj. and m.
long, length;
le -- de
, along;
tout de son --, de tout son --
, his whole

length;
tout le -- de
, the whole;
de -- en large
, to and fro.

longanimité
,
f.
longanimity, forbearance.

Longosardo
, Sardinian village and port at the western entrance of the Strait of Bonifacio.

longtemps
,
adv.
long time, long, for a long time.

longuement
,
adv.
for a long time, lengthily, lingeringly.

longueur
,
f.
length.

loque
,
f.
rag, tatter.

lorgner
,
v.
to squint at, look out of the corner of the eye, ogle, look through opera glasses.

lors
,
adv.
then, that time;
pour --
, then, thereupon;
depuis --
, since then.

lorsque
,
conj.
when.

louable
,
adj.
laudable, praiseworthy.

louage
,
m.
letting, hiring, hire;
de --
, hired, livery, for hire.

louer
,
v.
to praise, rent;
se --
, praise one self, be pleased (with).

louis
,
m.
louis (gold piece=$4).

Louis XIV
, known as Louis le Grand, most famous of the French kings; reigned: 1643-1715.

Louis XV
, King of France; reigned: 1715-1774.

loup
,
m.
wolf;
-- cervier
, lynx, speculator, sharper (especially one who speculates without

principle on government enterprises);
-- de mer
, sea-dog.

lourd, -e
,
adj.
heavy, dull, drowsy, clumsy, burdensome.

lourdement
,
adv.
heavily.

lourdeur
,
f.
heaviness, weight.

louvoyer
,
v.
to tack (of a ship).

loyal, -e
,
adj.
loyal.

lucarne
,
f.
dormer-window.

lubine
,
f.
popular name for the fish called bar, umbrine (usually written lubin or loubin).

Lucien
, Lucian.

Ludwig
= Louis (German).

lueur
,
f.
gleam, light.

lugubre
,
adj.
mournful, lugubrious.

lugubrement
,
adv.
dolefully, lugubriously.

lui
,
conj. pr., see
le
;
disj. pr.
him, it, he, on his part, himself, itself.

lui-même, elle-même (eux-mêmes, elles-mêmes
,
pl.), pr.
himself, herself, itself, etc.

luire
,
v.
to shine.

lumière
,
f.
light;
il faut que la -- se fasse
, it must be cleared up.

lumineux, -euse
,
adj.
luminous.

lundi
,
m.
Monday.

lune
,
f.
moon, moonlight.

lunette
,
f.
telescope;
pl.
spectacles.

Lunéville
, town in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle.

luthier
,
m.
lute-maker, seller of musical instruments.

lutte
,
f.
struggle, wrestling.

luxe
,
m.
luxury.

lys
,
m.
lily (s pronounced; now written lis).


M


M.
, abbreviation for
Monsieur
;
m'
,
see
me
.

ma
,
see
mon
.

mâcher
,
v.
to chew.

machinal, -e
,
adj.
mechanical.

machinalement
,
adv.
mechanically.

mâchoire
,
f.
jaw.

mâchonner
,
v.
to munch, chew.

maçonner
,
v.
to build, wall up;
voûte maçonnée
, vaulted masonry.

madame (mesdames
,
pl.), f.
Mrs., Madam.

Madeleine (la)
,
f.
one of the principal and richest churches in Paris, having the form of a

Greek temple, built between 1764 and 1842.

mademoiselle
,
f.
Miss, young lady.

madrigal
,
m.
madrigal (love poem).

maëstro
,
m.
composer (Italian, = master).

magasin
,
m.
warehouse, store, shop, storehouse.

mage
,
m.
magian, astrologer;
pl.
magi, Wise Men (Bible).

magicien
,
m.
magician, wizard.

magique
,
adj.
magic.

magistrat
,
m.
magistrate.

magistrature
,
f.
magistracy;
-- assise
, judicial magistracy.

magnanime
,
adj.
magnanimous, high-minded.

magnétique
,
adj.
magnetic.

magnétiser
,
v.
to magnetize.

magnificence
,
f.
magnificence, splendor.

magnifique
,
adj.
magnificent.

Mahnoud-Ben-Ahmed
, Mahmud-Ben-Ahmed (the first and last names have been borne

by several Sultans of Turkey; Ben is the Hebrew word for son, it is not Arahic).

Mahomet
, Mohammed (founder of the Mohammedan religion, born in Mecca c. 571, died

in 632).

mai
,
m.
May.

maigre
,
adj. and s.
thin, scanty, meager, thin person.

maigreur
,
f.
thinness.

maigrir
,
v.
to grow thin.

maille
,
f.
mesh, aperture.

main
,
f.
hand;
mettre la -- sur
, to lay hold of.

maint, -e
,
adj.
many, many a.

maintenant
,
adv.
now.

maintenir
,
v.
to maintain, keep, hold.

maire
,
m.
mayor.

mais
,
conj.
but;
-- si
, why yes;
-- non
, why no, no indeed, no I tell you.

maison
,
f.
house, household;
-- de ville
, town-hall.

maître
,
m.
master, teacher, Squire or Mr. (title);
-- d'hôtel
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